spring MVC搭建及配置详解

<!-- Spring MVC配置 -->
<!-- ====================================== -->
<servlet>
  <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
  <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
  <!-- 可以自定义servlet.xml配置文件的位置和名称，默认为WEB-INF目录下，名称为[<servlet-name>]-servlet.xml，如spring-servlet.xml
  <init-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-servlet.xml</param-value>&nbsp; 默认
  </init-param>
  -->
  <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
 

<!-- Spring配置 -->
<!-- ====================================== -->
<listener>
  <listenerclass>
   org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
  </listener-class>
</listener>
 

<!-- 指定Spring Bean的配置文件所在目录。默认配置在WEB-INF目录下 -->
<context-param>
  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
  <param-value>classpath:config/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"   
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"   
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"   
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context <a href="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd</a>">

  <!-- 启用spring mvc 注解 -->
  <context:annotation-config />

  <!-- 设置使用注解的类所在的jar包 -->
  <context:component-scan base-package="controller"></context:component-scan>

  <!-- 完成请求和注解POJO的映射 -->
  <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter" />
　　
  <!-- 对转向页面的路径解析。prefix：前缀， suffix：后缀 -->
  <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" p:prefix="/jsp/" p:suffix=".jsp" />
</beans>

package controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

import entity.User;

@Controller //类似Struts的Action
public class TestController {

  @RequestMapping("test/login.do") // 请求url地址映射，类似Struts的action-mapping
  public String testLogin(@RequestParam(value="username")String username, String password, HttpServletRequest request) {
    // @RequestParam是指请求url地址映射中必须含有的参数(除非属性required=false)
    // @RequestParam可简写为：@RequestParam("username")

    if (!"admin".equals(username) || !"admin".equals(password)) {
      return "loginError"; // 跳转页面路径（默认为转发），该路径不需要包含spring-servlet配置文件中配置的前缀和后缀
    }
    return "loginSuccess";
  }

  @RequestMapping("/test/login2.do")
  public ModelAndView testLogin2(String username, String password, int age){
    // request和response不必非要出现在方法中，如果用不上的话可以去掉
    // 参数的名称是与页面控件的name相匹配，参数类型会自动被转换
    
    if (!"admin".equals(username) || !"admin".equals(password) || age < 5) {
      return new ModelAndView("loginError"); // 手动实例化ModelAndView完成跳转页面（转发），效果等同于上面的方法返回字符串
    }
    return new ModelAndView(new RedirectView("../index.jsp")); // 采用重定向方式跳转页面
    // 重定向还有一种简单写法
    // return new ModelAndView("redirect:../index.jsp");
  }

  @RequestMapping("/test/login3.do")
  public ModelAndView testLogin3(User user) {
    // 同样支持参数为表单对象，类似于Struts的ActionForm，User不需要任何配置，直接写即可
    String username = user.getUsername();
    String password = user.getPassword();
    int age = user.getAge();
    
    if (!"admin".equals(username) || !"admin".equals(password) || age < 5) {
      return new ModelAndView("loginError");
    }
    return new ModelAndView("loginSuccess");
  }

  @Resource(name = "loginService") // 获取applicationContext.xml中bean的id为loginService的，并注入
  private LoginService loginService; //等价于spring传统注入方式写get和set方法，这样的好处是简洁工整，省去了不必要得代码

  @RequestMapping("/test/login4.do")
  public String testLogin4(User user) {
    if (loginService.login(user) == false) {
      return "loginError";
    }
    return "loginSuccess";
  }
}

package controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/test2/login.do") // 指定唯一一个*.do请求关联到该Controller
public class TestController2 {
  
  @RequestMapping
  public String testLogin(String username, String password, int age) {
    // 如果不加任何参数，则在请求/test2/login.do时，便默认执行该方法
    
    if (!"admin".equals(username) || !"admin".equals(password) || age < 5) {
      return "loginError";
    }
    return "loginSuccess";
  }

  @RequestMapping(params = "method=1", method=RequestMethod.POST)
  public String testLogin2(String username, String password) {
    // 依据params的参数method的值来区分不同的调用方法
    // 可以指定页面请求方式的类型，默认为get请求
    
    if (!"admin".equals(username) || !"admin".equals(password)) {
      return "loginError";
    }
    return "loginSuccess";
  }
  
  @RequestMapping(params = "method=2")
  public String testLogin3(String username, String password, int age) {
    if (!"admin".equals(username) || !"admin".equals(password) || age < 5) {
      return "loginError";
    }
    return "loginSuccess";
  }
}

 package controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/test3/*") // 父request请求url
public class TestController3 {

  @RequestMapping("login.do") // 子request请求url，拼接后等价于/test3/login.do
  public String testLogin(String username, String password, int age) {
    if (!"admin".equals(username) || !"admin".equals(password) || age < 5) {
      return "loginError";
    }
    return "loginSuccess";
  }
}

@RequestMapping(value="/comment/{blogId}", method=RequestMethod.POST)
public void comment(Comment comment,@PathVariable int blogId, HttpSession session, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
  
}