对django的User模型和四种扩展/重写方法小结

from django.contrib.auth import authenticate
user = authenticate(username='Tom', password='111111')
# 如果验证通过了，那么就会返回一个user对象。
if user is not None:
  # 执行验证通过后的代码
else:
  # 执行验证没有通过的代码。

# models.py
class Person(User):
  # 如果模型是一个代理模型
  # 那么就不能在这个模型中添加新的Field
  # telephone = models.CharField(max_length=11) # 错误写法
  class Meta:
    proxy = True
 
  # proxy正确用法是给模型添加自定义方法
  # 如添加列出黑名单的方法
  def get_blacklist(self):
    return self.objects.filter(is_active=False)

# models.py
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.db import models
from django.dispatch import receiver
from django.db.models.signals import post_save
 
class UserExtension(models.Model):
  user = models.OneToOneField(User,on_delete=models.CASCADE,related_name='extension')
  birthday = models.DateField(null=True,blank=True)
  school = models.CharField(max_length=100)
 
 
@receiver(post_save,sender=User)
def create_user_extension(sender,instance,created,**kwargs):
  if created:
    UserExtension.objects.create(user=instance)
  else:
    instance.extension.save()

# views.py
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.http import HttpResponse
 
 
def one_to_one_view(request):
  user = User.objects.create_user(username='Tom',email='tom@qq.com',password='111111')
  # 给扩展的字段设置值
  user.extension.school = 'Harvard'
  user.save()
  return HttpResponse('一对一扩展User模型')

# models.py
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
class User(AbstractUser):
  telephone = models.CharField(max_length=11,unique=True)
  school = models.CharField(max_length=100)
  # 指定telephone作为USERNAME_FIELD, 而不是原来的username字段, 所以username要重写
  username = models.CharField(max_length=150)
 
  # 指定telephone作为USERNAME_FIELD，以后使用authenticate
  # 函数验证的时候，就可以根据telephone来验证
  # 而不是原来的username
  USERNAME_FIELD = 'telephone'
  # USERNAME_FIELD对应的'telephone'字段和密码字段默认是必须的字段
  # 下[]可以添加其它必须的字段, 比如['username', 'email']
  REQUIRED_FIELDS = []
 
  # 重新定义Manager对象，在创建user的时候使用telephone和
  # password，而不是使用username和password
  objects = UserManager()
 
 
# 重写UserManager
class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
  use_in_migrations = True
 
  def _create_user(self, telephone, password, **extra_fields):
    if not telephone:
      raise ValueError("请填入手机号码！")
    if not password:
      raise ValueError("请填入密码!")
    user = self.model(telephone=telephone, **extra_fields)
    user.set_password(password)
    user.save(using=self._db)
    return user
 
  def create_user(self, telephone, password, **extra_fields):
    extra_fields.setdefault('is_staff', False)
    extra_fields.setdefault('is_superuser', False)
    return self._create_user(telephone, password, **extra_fields)
 
  def create_superuser(self, telephone, password, **extra_fields):
    extra_fields.setdefault('is_staff', True)
    extra_fields.setdefault('is_superuser', True)
 
    if extra_fields.get('is_staff') is not True:
      raise ValueError('Superuser must have is_staff=True.')
    if extra_fields.get('is_superuser') is not True:
      raise ValueError('Superuser must have is_superuser=True.')
 
    return self._create_user(telephone, password, **extra_fields)

# settings.py
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'youappname.User'

# models.py
from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser
from django.contrib.auth.models import PermissionsMixin
from django.db import models
 
 
class User(AbstractBaseUser,PermissionsMixin):
   email = models.EmailField(unique=True)
   username = models.CharField(max_length=150)
   telephone = models.CharField(max_length=11,unique=True)
   is_staff = models.BooleanField(default=False)
   is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
 
   USERNAME_FIELD = 'telephone'
   REQUIRED_FIELDS = []
 
  # 这里的UserManager同方法3, 需要重写
   objects = UserManager()
 
   def get_full_name(self):
     return self.username
 
   def get_short_name(self):
     return self.username

# models.py
from django.contrib.auth.base_user import BaseUserManager
 
 
# 重写UserManager
class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
  use_in_migrations = True
 
  def _create_user(self, telephone, password, **extra_fields):
    if not telephone:
      raise ValueError("请填入手机号码！")
    if not password:
      raise ValueError("请填入密码!")
    user = self.model(telephone=telephone, **extra_fields)
    user.set_password(password)
    user.save(using=self._db)
    return user
 
  def create_user(self, telephone, password, **extra_fields):
    extra_fields.setdefault('is_staff', False)
    extra_fields.setdefault('is_superuser', False)
    return self._create_user(telephone, password, **extra_fields)
 
  def create_superuser(self, telephone, password, **extra_fields):
    extra_fields.setdefault('is_staff', True)
    extra_fields.setdefault('is_superuser', True)
 
    if extra_fields.get('is_staff') is not True:
      raise ValueError('Superuser must have is_staff=True.')
    if extra_fields.get('is_superuser') is not True:
      raise ValueError('Superuser must have is_superuser=True.')
 
    return self._create_user(telephone, password, **extra_fields)

# models.py
from django.db import models
from myauth.models import User
class Article(models.Model):
  title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
  content = models.TextField()
  author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

# models.py
from django.db import models
from django.conf import settings
class Article(models.Model):
  title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
  content = models.TextField()
  author = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.CASCADE)