Android通过原生方式获取经纬度与城市信息的方法

public class TestLocationActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

 public static final int LOCATION_CODE = 301;
 private LocationManager locationManager;
 private String locationProvider = null;


 @Override
 protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  getLocation();
 }

 private void getLocation(){
  //1.获取位置管理器
  locationManager = (LocationManager) getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);

  //2.获取位置提供器，GPS或是NetWork
  List<String> providers = locationManager.getProviders(true);

  if (providers.contains(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER)) {
   //如果是GPS
   locationProvider = LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER;
   Log.v("TAG", "定位方式GPS");
  } else if (providers.contains(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER)) {
   //如果是Network
   locationProvider = LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER;
   Log.v("TAG", "定位方式Network");
  }else {
   Toast.makeText(this, "没有可用的位置提供器", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
   return;
  }

  if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
   //获取权限（如果没有开启权限，会弹出对话框，询问是否开启权限）
   if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) 
     != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED || 
    ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) 
     != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
    //请求权限
    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
      Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION}, LOCATION_CODE);
   } else {
    //3.获取上次的位置，一般第一次运行，此值为null
    Location location = locationManager.getLastKnownLocation(locationProvider);
    if (location!=null){
     Toast.makeText(this, location.getLongitude() + " " + 
           location.getLatitude() + "",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
     Log.v("TAG", "获取上次的位置-经纬度："+location.getLongitude()+" "+location.getLatitude());
     getAddress(location);

    }else{
     //监视地理位置变化，第二个和第三个参数分别为更新的最短时间minTime和最短距离minDistace
     locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(locationProvider, 3000, 1,locationListener);
    }
   }
  } else {
   Location location = locationManager.getLastKnownLocation(locationProvider);
   if (location!=null){
    Toast.makeText(this, location.getLongitude() + " " + 
          location.getLatitude() + "", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    Log.v("TAG", "获取上次的位置-经纬度："+location.getLongitude()+" "+location.getLatitude());
    getAddress(location);

   }else{
    //监视地理位置变化，第二个和第三个参数分别为更新的最短时间minTime和最短距离minDistace
    locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(locationProvider, 3000, 1,locationListener);
   }
  }
 }

 public LocationListener locationListener = new LocationListener() {
  // Provider的状态在可用、暂时不可用和无服务三个状态直接切换时触发此函数
  @Override
  public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle extras) {
  }
  // Provider被enable时触发此函数，比如GPS被打开
  @Override
  public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {
  }
  // Provider被disable时触发此函数，比如GPS被关闭
  @Override
  public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) {
  }
  //当坐标改变时触发此函数，如果Provider传进相同的坐标，它就不会被触发
  @Override
  public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {
   if (location != null) {
    //如果位置发生变化，重新显示地理位置经纬度
    Toast.makeText(TestLocationActivity.this, location.getLongitude() + " " + 
               location.getLatitude() + "", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    Log.v("TAG", "监视地理位置变化-经纬度："+location.getLongitude()+" "+location.getLatitude());
   }
  }
 };

 @Override
 public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
  switch (requestCode) {
   case LOCATION_CODE:
    if(grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == getPackageManager().PERMISSION_GRANTED
      && grantResults[1] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
     Toast.makeText(this, "申请权限", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
     try {
      List<String> providers = locationManager.getProviders(true);
      if (providers.contains(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER)) {
       //如果是Network
       locationProvider = LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER;

      }else if (providers.contains(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER)) {
       //如果是GPS
       locationProvider = LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER;
      }
      Location location = locationManager.getLastKnownLocation(locationProvider);
      if (location!=null){
       Toast.makeText(this, location.getLongitude() + " " + 
             location.getLatitude() + "", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
       Log.v("TAG", "获取上次的位置-经纬度："+location.getLongitude()+" "+location.getLatitude());
      }else{
       // 监视地理位置变化，第二个和第三个参数分别为更新的最短时间minTime和最短距离minDistace
       locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(locationProvider, 0, 0,locationListener);
      }

     }catch (SecurityException e){
      e.printStackTrace();
     }
    } else {
     Toast.makeText(this, "缺少权限", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
     finish();
    }
    break;
  }
 }


 //获取地址信息:城市、街道等信息
 private List<Address> getAddress(Location location) {
  List<Address> result = null;
  try {
   if (location != null) {
    Geocoder gc = new Geocoder(this, Locale.getDefault());
    result = gc.getFromLocation(location.getLatitude(),
      location.getLongitude(), 1);
    Toast.makeText(this, "获取地址信息："+result.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
    Log.v("TAG", "获取地址信息："+result.toString());
   }
  } catch (Exception e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
  }
  return result;
 }

 @Override
 protected void onDestroy() {
  super.onDestroy();
  locationManager.removeUpdates(locationListener);
 }
}

<!-- 粗略的位置权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"></uses-permission> 
<!-- 精确的位置权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"></uses-permission>