C++设计模式中的工厂模式详细介绍
1. 简单工厂模式
简单工厂模式(Simple Factory Pattern): 是指定义一个工厂类,工厂类中实现一个方法,此方法根据不同的参数返回不同的类,UML类图如下所示:
代码如下:
#include <iostream> using namespace std; class Product { public: ~Product() {} // 纯虚函数 virtual void Create(string content) = 0; }; class ProductA : public Product { public: void Create(string content) override { cout << "ProductA " << content << endl; } }; class ProductB : public Product { public: void Create(string content) override { cout << "ProductB " << content << endl; } }; class Factory { public: Product* CreateProduct(const type_info& ty_info) { if (ty_info == typeid(ProductA)) { return m_pProductA = new ProductA(); } else if (ty_info == typeid(ProductB)) { return m_pProductB = new ProductB(); } return NULL; } ~Factory(){ if(m_pProductA) delete m_pProductA; if(m_pProductB) delete m_pProductB; } private: ProductA* m_pProductA; ProductB* m_pProductB; }; int main() { Factory factory; factory.CreateProduct(typeid(ProductA))->Create("A"); factory.CreateProduct(typeid(ProductB))->Create("B"); system("pause"); }
简单工厂模式的问题:
- 当要创建的实例过多时,会存在过多的if语句
- 当要创建新的实例时要修改工厂方法,这样做违背了开-闭原则(即对扩展开放,对修改关闭的原则)
2. 工厂方法模式
工厂方法模式(Factory Method Pattern): 是在简单工厂模式的基础上将工厂类修改为抽象类,具体的类实例创建交给抽象工厂的子类。UML类图如所示:
代码如下所示:
#include <iostream> using namespace std; class Product { public: ~Product() {} // 纯虚函数 virtual void Create(string content) = 0; }; class ProductA : public Product { public: void Create(string content) override { cout << "ProductA " << content << endl; } }; class ProductB : public Product { public: void Create(string content) override { cout << "ProductB " << content << endl; } }; class Factory { public: virtual Product* CreateProduct() = 0; Product* m_pProduct; virtual ~Factory() { if (m_pProduct) delete m_pProduct; } }; class FactoryA : public Factory { public: virtual Product* CreateProduct() override{ return m_pProduct = new ProductA(); } }; class FactoryB : public Factory { public: virtual Product* CreateProduct() override { return m_pProduct = new ProductB(); } }; int main() { FactoryA factroyA; FactoryB factroyB; factroyA.CreateProduct()->Create("A"); factroyB.CreateProduct()->Create("B"); system("pause"); }
工厂方法模式很好的避免了过多的if语句,同时也保证了开-闭原则,但是当类过多时会产生类"爆炸"的情况,所以具体选用什么模式需要根据实际需求进行取舍。
3. 抽象工厂模式
抽象工厂与工厂方法相比,抽象工厂允许生成不同的产品(即一个工厂存在多个产品)。代码如下所示:
```cpp #include <iostream> using namespace std; class Product { public: ~Product() {} // 纯虚函数 virtual void Create(string content) = 0; }; class ProductA : public Product { public: void Create(string content) override { cout << "ProductA " << content << endl; } }; class ProductB : public Product { public: void Create(string content) override { cout << "ProductB " << content << endl; } }; class Factory { public: virtual Product* CreateProductA() = 0; virtual Product* CreateProductB() = 0; Product* m_pProductA; Product* m_pProductB; virtual ~Factory() { if (m_pProductA) delete m_pProduct; if(m_pProductB) delete m_pProductB; } }; class FactorySubOne : public Factory { public: virtual Product* CreateProductA() override{ return m_pProductA = new ProductA(); } virtual Product* CreateProductB() override { return m_pProductB = new ProductB(); } }; class FactorySubTwo : public Factory { public: virtual Product* CreateProductA() override{ return m_pProductA = new ProductA(); } virtual Product* CreateProductB() override { return m_pProductB = new ProductB(); } }; int main() { FactorySubOne factroy_sub_one; FactorySubTwo factroy_sub_two; factroy_sub_one.CreateProductA()->Create("FactorySubOne A"); factroy_sub_one.CreateProductB()->Create("FactorySubOne B"); factroy_sub_two.CreateProductA()->Create("FactorySubTwo A"); factroy_sub_two.CreateProductB()->Create("FactorySubTwo B"); system("pause"); }
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