JAVA为什么要使用封装及如何封装经典实例

public class BankAccount {
    private String accountNumber;
    private double balance;

    public BankAccount(String accountNumber, double balance) {
        this.accountNumber = accountNumber;
        this.balance = balance;
    }

    public String getAccountNumber() {
        return accountNumber;
    }

    public double getBalance() {
        return balance;
    }

    public void deposit(double amount) {
        balance += amount;
    }

    public void withdraw(double amount) {
        if (balance >= amount) {
            balance -= amount;
        } else {
            System.out.println("Insufficient balance.");
        }
    }
}

public class Student {
    // 属性
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String gender;
    private String id;

    // 构造方法
    public Student(String name, int age, String gender, String id) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.gender = gender;
        this.id = id;
    }

    // 方法
    public void study() {
        System.out.println("学生正在学习");
    }

    public void showInfo() {
        System.out.println("姓名：" + name);
        System.out.println("年龄：" + age);
        System.out.println("性别：" + gender);
        System.out.println("学号：" + id);
    }

    // Getter和Setter方法
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getGender() {
        return gender;
    }

    public void setGender(String gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
}