8个python新手入门项目

from flask import Flask, redirect, render_template, request
import string
import random

app = Flask(__name__)

# Dictionary to store the mappings of short codes to original URLs
url_mapping = {}


def generate_short_code():
    """Generate a random short code."""
    characters = string.ascii_letters + string.digits
    short_code = ''.join(random.choice(characters) for _ in range(6))
    return short_code


@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def home():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        original_url = request.form['url']
        short_code = generate_short_code()

        url_mapping[short_code] = original_url

        short_url = request.host_url + short_code
        return render_template('index.html', short_url=short_url)

    return render_template('index.html')


@app.route('/<short_code>')
def redirect_to_original_url(short_code):
    if short_code in url_mapping:
        original_url = url_mapping[short_code]
        return redirect(original_url)
    else:
        return "Short URL not found."


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

import tensorflow as tf
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image
import os

# Load the pre-trained InceptionV3 model
inception_model = tf.keras.applications.InceptionV3(include_top=True, weights='imagenet')

# Load the tokenizer
tokenizer = tf.keras.preprocessing.text.Tokenizer()
tokenizer_path = 'tokenizer.pkl'
tokenizer = tf.keras.preprocessing.text.tokenizer_from_json(tokenizer_path)

# Define the maximum sequence length (number of words) for captions
max_sequence_length = 20

# Load the pre-trained caption generation model
model_path = 'caption_generator_model.h5'
model = tf.keras.models.load_model(model_path)

# Load the word-to-index and index-to-word mappings
word_to_index = tokenizer.word_index
index_to_word = {index: word for word, index in word_to_index.items()}

# Load the pre-trained InceptionV3 model
inception_model = tf.keras.applications.InceptionV3(include_top=True, weights='imagenet')

def preprocess_image(image_path):
    """Preprocess the image for input to the InceptionV3 model."""
    img = Image.open(image_path)
    img = img.resize((299, 299))
    img = np.array(img)
    img = img / 255.0
    img = img.reshape(1, 299, 299, 3)
    return img

def generate_caption(image_path):
    """Generate a caption for the given image."""
    img = preprocess_image(image_path)
    features = inception_model.predict(img)
    features = features.reshape(1, -1)
    
    start_token = tokenizer.word_index['<start>']
    end_token = tokenizer.word_index['<end>']
    
    caption = []
    input_sequence = [start_token]
    for _ in range(max_sequence_length):
        sequence = np.array(input_sequence)
        y_pred = model.predict([features, sequence])
        y_pred = np.argmax(y_pred)
        
        if index_to_word[y_pred] == '<end>':
            break
        
        caption.append(index_to_word[y_pred])
        input_sequence.append(y_pred)
    
    generated_caption = ' '.join(caption)
    return generated_caption

# Path to the image for caption generation
image_path = 'example_image.jpg'

# Generate caption for the image
caption = generate_caption(image_path)
print('Generated Caption:', caption)

# Display the image
img = Image.open(image_path)
plt.imshow(img)
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()

import requests
import json

def get_weather_data(api_key, city):
    """Get weather data for a specific city using the OpenWeatherMap API."""
    base_url = "http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather"
    params = {
        "q": city,
        "appid": api_key,
        "units": "metric"
    }
    response = requests.get(base_url, params=params)
    data = response.json()
    return data

def display_weather(data):
    """Display weather information."""
    if data["cod"] != "404":
        city = data["name"]
        country = data["sys"]["country"]
        temperature = data["main"]["temp"]
        description = data["weather"][0]["description"]
        humidity = data["main"]["humidity"]
        wind_speed = data["wind"]["speed"]

        print(f"Weather in {city}, {country}:")
        print(f"Temperature: {temperature}°C")
        print(f"Description: {description}")
        print(f"Humidity: {humidity}%")
        print(f"Wind Speed: {wind_speed} km/h")
    else:
        print("City not found. Please try again.")

def main():
    # API key from OpenWeatherMap
    api_key = "YOUR_API_KEY"

    # Get the city name from the user
    city = input("Enter the city name: ")

    # Get weather data for the city
    weather_data = get_weather_data(api_key, city)

    # Display weather information
    display_weather(weather_data)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

import tkinter as tk
import os
from pygame import mixer

class MusicPlayer:
    def __init__(self, root):
        self.root = root
        self.root.title("Music Player")
        self.root.geometry("300x100")

        # Initialize Pygame mixer
        mixer.init()

        # Create a variable to store the current playing status
        self.playing = False

        # Create a variable to store the current selected song
        self.current_song = None

        # Create the UI elements
        self.label = tk.Label(root, text="Music Player")
        self.label.pack()

        self.play_button = tk.Button(root, text="Play", command=self.play_music)
        self.play_button.pack()

        self.stop_button = tk.Button(root, text="Stop", command=self.stop_music)
        self.stop_button.pack()

        self.browse_button = tk.Button(root, text="Browse", command=self.browse_music)
        self.browse_button.pack()

    def play_music(self):
        if self.current_song:
            if not self.playing:
                mixer.music.load(self.current_song)
                mixer.music.play()
                self.play_button.config(text="Pause")
                self.playing = True
            else:
                mixer.music.pause()
                self.play_button.config(text="Play")
                self.playing = False

    def stop_music(self):
        mixer.music.stop()
        self.play_button.config(text="Play")
        self.playing = False

    def browse_music(self):
        self.current_song = tk.filedialog.askopenfilename(initialdir=os.getcwd(), title="Select Song",
                                                         filetypes=(("Audio Files", "*.mp3"), ("All Files", "*.*")))
        self.label.config(text=os.path.basename(self.current_song))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = tk.Tk()
    music_player = MusicPlayer(root)
    root.mainloop()

def is_valid(board, row, col, num):
    # Check if the number already exists in the row
    for i in range(9):
        if board[row][i] == num:
            return False

    # Check if the number already exists in the column
    for i in range(9):
        if board[i][col] == num:
            return False

    # Check if the number already exists in the 3x3 grid
    start_row = (row // 3) * 3
    start_col = (col // 3) * 3
    for i in range(3):
        for j in range(3):
            if board[start_row + i][start_col + j] == num:
                return False

    return True

def solve_sudoku(board):
    for row in range(9):
        for col in range(9):
            if board[row][col] == 0:
                for num in range(1, 10):
                    if is_valid(board, row, col, num):
                        board[row][col] = num

                        if solve_sudoku(board):
                            return True

                        board[row][col] = 0

                return False

    return True

def print_board(board):
    for row in range(9):
        for col in range(9):
            print(board[row][col], end=" ")
        print()

# Example Sudoku board (0 represents empty cells)
board = [
    [5, 3, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [6, 0, 0, 1, 9, 5, 0, 0, 0],
    [0, 9, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 6, 0],
    [8, 0, 0, 0, 6, 0, 0, 0, 3],
    [4, 0, 0, 8, 0, 3, 0, 0, 1],
    [7, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 6],
    [0, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 8, 0],
    [0, 0, 0, 4, 1, 9, 0, 0, 5],
    [0, 0, 0, 0, 8, 0, 0, 7, 9]
]

if solve_sudoku(board):
    print("Sudoku solved:")
    print_board(board)
else:
    print("No solution exists for the given Sudoku board.")

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

# Send a GET request to the website
url = 'https://example.com'
response = requests.get(url)

# Create a BeautifulSoup object
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')

# Find and extract specific elements from the webpage
title = soup.title.text
paragraphs = soup.find_all('p')

# Print the extracted data
print('Title:', title)
print('Paragraphs:')
for p in paragraphs:
    print(p.text)

import random

# List of sample responses
responses = [
    "Hello!",
    "Hi there!",
    "Greetings!",
    "Nice to meet you!",
    "How can I assist you?",
    "I'm here to help!",
    "How are you today?",
]

def get_random_response():
    """Return a random response from the list of sample responses."""
    return random.choice(responses)

def chat():
    """Main function to handle the chatbot conversation."""
    print("Chatbot: " + get_random_response())

    while True:
        user_input = input("User: ")
        
        # Check if the user wants to end the conversation
        if user_input.lower() == "bye":
            print("Chatbot: Goodbye!")
            break
        
        # Generate and print a random response
        print("Chatbot: " + get_random_response())

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("Chatbot: Hello! How can I assist you?")
    chat()

import hashlib
import getpass

passwords = {}

def get_hashed_password(password):
    """Generate a SHA-256 hashed password."""
    sha256_hash = hashlib.sha256()
    sha256_hash.update(password.encode('utf-8'))
    return sha256_hash.hexdigest()

def create_password():
    """Create a new password entry."""
    website = input("Enter the website: ")
    username = input("Enter your username: ")
    password = getpass.getpass("Enter your password: ")
    hashed_password = get_hashed_password(password)
    passwords[website] = (username, hashed_password)
    print("Password created successfully.")

def retrieve_password():
    """Retrieve a password from the password manager."""
    website = input("Enter the website: ")
    if website in passwords:
        username, hashed_password = passwords[website]
        password = getpass.getpass("Enter your password: ")
        if hashed_password == get_hashed_password(password):
            print(f"Username: {username}")
            print(f"Password: {password}")
        else:
            print("Incorrect password.")
    else:
        print("Website not found in the password manager.")

def main():
    while True:
        print("1. Create a new password")
        print("2. Retrieve a password")
        print("3. Quit")
        choice = input("Enter your choice (1-3): ")

        if choice == "1":
            create_password()
        elif choice == "2":
            retrieve_password()
        elif choice == "3":
            break
        else:
            print("Invalid choice. Please try again.")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()