从零开始学习Node.js系列教程之设置HTTP头的方法示例

//basic server的配置文件
var port = 3000;
var server = require('./basicserver').createServer();
server.useFavIcon("localhost", "./docroot/favicon.png");
server.addContainer(".*", "/l/(.*)$", require('./redirector'), {})
server.docroot("localhost", "/", "./docroot");
//server.useFavIcon("127.0.0.1", "./docroot/favicon.png");
//server.docroot("127.0.0.1", "/", "./docroot");
server.listen(port);

var mime = require('mime');
var mimeType = mime.lookup('image.gif'); //==> image/gif
res.setHeader('Content-Type', mimeType);

res.setHeader('Set-Cookie2', ..cookie value..);

/*
 Basic Server的核心模块会创建一个HTTP服务器对象，附加Basic Server上用于检查请求，然后给予适当响应的功能
 Basic Server可以通过判断Host头部匹配的容器对象响应来自多个域名的请求
 */
var http = require('http');
var url = require('url');
exports.createServer = function(){
  var htserver = http.createServer(function(req, res){
    req.basicServer = {urlparsed: url.parse(req.url, true)};
    processHeaders(req, res);
    dispatchToContainer(htserver, req, res);
  });
  htserver.basicServer = {containers: []};
  htserver.addContainer = function(host, path, module, options){
    if (lookupContainer(htserver, host, path) != undefined){
      throw new Error("Already mapped " + host + "/" + path);
    }
    htserver.basicServer.containers.push({host: host, path: path, module: module, options: options});
    return this;
  }
  htserver.useFavIcon = function(host, path){
    return this.addContainer(host, "/favicon.ico", require('./faviconHandler'), {iconPath: path});
  }
  htserver.docroot = function(host, path, rootPath){
    return this.addContainer(host, path, require('./staticHandler'), {docroot: rootPath});
  }
  return htserver;
}
var lookupContainer = function(htserver, host, path){
  for (var i = 0; i < htserver.basicServer.containers.length; i++){
    var container = htserver.basicServer.containers[i];
    var hostMatches = host.toLowerCase().match(container.host);
    var pathMatches = path.match(container.path);
    if (hostMatches !== null && pathMatches !== null){
      return {container: container, host: hostMatches, path: pathMatches};
    }
  }
  return undefined;
}
//用于搜索req.headers数组以查找cookie和host头部，因为这两个字段对请求的分派都很重要
//这个函数在每一个HTTP请求到达时都会被调用
//还有很多其他的HTTP头部字段(Accept Accept-Encoding Accept-Language User-Agent)
var processHeaders = function(req, res){
  req.basicServer.cookies = [];
  var keys = Object.keys(req.headers);
  for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++){
    var hname = keys[i];
    var hval = req.headers[hname];
    if (hname.toLowerCase() === "host"){
      req.basicServer.host = hval;
    }
    //提取浏览器发送的cookie
    if (hname.toLowerCase() === "cookie"){
      req.basicServer.cookies.push(hval);
    }
  }
}
//查找匹配的容器，分派请求到对应的容器中
//这个函数在每一个HTTP请求到达时都会被调用
var dispatchToContainer = function(htserver, req, res){
  var container = lookupContainer(htserver, req.basicServer.host, req.basicServer.urlparsed.pathname);
  if (container !== undefined){
    req.basicServer.hostMatches = container.host;
    req.basicServer.pathMatches = container.path;
    req.basicServer.container = container.container;
    container.container.module.handle(req, res);
  }else {
    res.writeHead(404, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'});
    res.end("no handler found for " + req.basicServer.host + "/" + req.basicServer.urlparsed);
  }
}

//用于处理文件系统内的文件，docroot选项指被存放文件所在文件夹的路径，读取该目录下的指定文件
var fs = require('fs');
var mime = require('mime');
var sys = require('sys');
exports.handle = function(req, res){
  if (req.method !== "GET"){
    res.writeHead(404, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'});
    res.end("invalid method " + req.method);
  } else {
    var fname = req.basicServer.container.options.docroot + req.basicServer.urlparsed.pathname;
    if (fname.match(/\/$/)) fname += "index.html"; //如果URL以/结尾
    fs.stat(fname, function(err, stats){
      if (err){
        res.writeHead(500, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'});
        res.end("file " + fname + " not found " + err);
      } else {
        fs.readFile(fname, function(err, buf){
          if (err){
            res.writeHead(500, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'});
            res.end("file " + fname + " not readable " + err);
          } else {
            res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': mime.lookup(fname),
              'Content-Length': buf.length});
            res.end(buf);
          }
        });
      }
    });
  }
}

//这个处理函数处理对favicon.ico的请求
//MIME模块根据给出的图标文件确定正确的MIME类型，网站图标favicon可以是任何类型的图片，但是我们必须要告诉浏览器是哪个类型
//MIME模块，用于生成正确的Content-Type头
var fs = require('fs');
var mime = require('mime');
exports.handle = function(req, res){
  if (req.method !== "GET"){
    res.writeHead(404, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'});
    res.end("invalid method " + req.method);
  } else if (req.basicServer.container.options.iconPath !== undefined){
    fs.readFile(req.basicServer.container.options.iconPath, function(err, buf){
      if (err){
        res.writeHead(500, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'});
        res.end(req.basicServer.container.options.iconPath + "not found");
      } else {
        res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': mime.lookup(req.basicServer.container.options.iconPath),
        'Content-Length': buf.length});
        res.end(buf);
      }
    });
  } else {
    res.writeHead(404, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'});
    res.end("no favicon");
  }
}

/*
 把一个域的请求重定向到另一个上，例如将www.example.com重定向到example.com上，或者使用简短的URL跳转到较长的URL
 实现这两种情况，我们需要在HTTP响应中发送301(永久移除)或者302(临时移除)状态码，并且指定location头信息。有了这个组合
 信号，web浏览器就知道要跳转到另一个web位置了
 */
//地址http://localhost:3000/l/ex1 会跳转到http://example1.com
var util = require('util');
var code2url = {'ex1': 'http://example1.com', 'ex2': "http://example2.com"};
var notFound = function(req, res){
  res.writeHead(404, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'});
  res.end("no matching redirect code found for " + req.basicServer.host + "/" + req.basicServer.urlparsed.pathname);
}
exports.handle = function(req, res){
  if (req.basicServer.pathMatches[1]){
    var code = req.basicServer.pathMatches[1];
    if (code2url[code]){
      var url = code2url[code];
      res.writeHead(302, {'Location': url});
      res.end();
    } else {
      notFound(req, res);
    }
  } else {
    notFound(req, res);
  }
}

<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
  <h1>Index</h1>
  <p>this is a index html.</p>
</body>
</html>