PHP实现基于回溯法求解迷宫问题的方法详解

<?php
$nums = [
  [1,1,1,1,1,1],
  [0,1,0,1,0,1],
  [0,1,0,1,0,1],
  [0,1,1,1,1,1]
];
function getRet($data, $x, $y, &$result=[], $record)
{
  $snapshort = [];
  $xL = count($data) - 1;
  $yL = count($data[0]) - 1;
  if($x > $xL || $y > $yL) {
    //跑到迷宫不存在的空间了，这种事情绝对不能发生
    return;
  }
  if($data[$x][$y] == "0") {
    //是0的话停止继续前进，退回上一状态
    return;
  } elseif($data[$x][$y] == "1") {
    //是1的话，记录最新的坐标到当前已找到的路径中，继续向前搜索
    //如果到达出口，记录答案并回溯
    $snapshort = array_merge($record, [[$x, $y]]);
    if($x == $xL && $y == $yL) {
      $result[] = array_merge($record, [[$x, $y]]);
      return;
    }
  } else {
    return;
  }
  //向有搜索
  //这里的$snapshort保存当前搜索位置的状态，等到下次回溯到这里的时候会用到
  getRet($data, $x, ++$y, $result, $snapshort);
  //向下搜索
  getRet($data, ++$x, --$y, $result, $snapshort);
}
//看个例子
$result = [];
getRet($nums, 0, 0, $result, []);
foreach ($result as $pos) {
  foreach ($pos as $xy) {
    echo "({$xy[0]},{$xy[1]}) => ";
  }
  echo "end\n";
}

(0,0)=>(0,1)=>(0,2)=>(0,3)=>(0,4)=>(0,5)=>(1,5)=>(2,5)=>(3,5)=>end
(0,0)=>(0,1)=>(0,2)=>(0,3)=>(1,3)=>(2,3)=>(3,3)=>(3,4)=>(3,5)=>end
(0,0)=>(0,1)=>(1,1)=>(2,1)=>(3,1)=>(3,2)=>(3,3)=>(3,4)=>(3,5)=>end