Django admin实现图书管理系统菜鸟级教程完整实例

#准备好你的数据库模型思维导图

#先设计作者Author对象(表)[models.py]
​
class Author(models.Model): #继承于models.Model这个父类,从而实现多态
  first_name=models.CharField(max_length=32) #名字的字段,使用字符串格式,最大长度32
  last_name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
  email=models.EmailField()         #email字段,使用email自带的格式
  def __unicode__(self):           #定义unicode函数,是为了让对象在实例化的时候,可以返回打印输出它的名字<阿文>.不至于显示为<** object>
    return "%s--%s"%(self.first_name,self.last_name)

#出版社
class Publisher(models.Model):
  name=models.CharField(max_length=64,unique=True) #出版社名称,唯一,是主键
  address=models.CharField(max_length=64,unique=True)
  city=models.CharField(max_length=32)
  state_province=models.CharField(max_length=32)
  country=models.CharField(max_length=32)
  website=models.URLField()            #主页,采用自带的url格式
  def __unicode__(self):
    return "%s"%(self.name)

#定义一个选项,里面包含3个可选框,用以下面的书籍表publisher_state下拉选择
STATUS_CHOICES=(
  ('checkout',u'已出版'),
  ('dai',u'待出版'),
  ('status',u'审核中'),
)

#书籍表
class Book(models.Model):
  name=models.CharField(max_length=64)  
  authors=models.ManyToManyField(Author) #作者,多对多的关系
  publisher=models.ForeignKey(Publisher) #出版社,外键管理到Publisher表
  publisher_date=models.DateField(auto_now_add=True)
  publisher_state=models.CharField(max_length=20,choices=STATUS_CHOICES,default='checkout') #出版状态,是一个可选框
  def __unicode__(self):
    return "%s--%s"%(self.name,self.publisher_date)

python manage.py makemigrations

python manage.py migrate

##进入shell 模式
python manage.py shell
##导入Publisher对象
from book11.models import Publisher
##查询id=1的queryset赋值给p
p=Publisher.objects.get(id=1)
#对的对象进行操作,修改city="changsha",等价于[Publisher.objects.filter(id=1).update(city='changsha')]操作.
p.city='changsha'
#需要提交保存,否则不生效
p.save()

G:\git\web\books>python manage.py createsuperuser #增加一个超级用户
Username (leave blank to use 'huan5'): admin #用户名
Email address: admin@qq.com         #邮箱
Password:                  #输8位密码2次
Password (again):
Superuser created successfully.

#设置默认编码符
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from book11 import models #导入数据库
admin.site.register(models.Author)
admin.site.register(models.Publisher)
admin.site.register(models.Book)

#启动服务
python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8086
#并打开浏览器执行
http://127.0.0.1:8086

from book11 import models
# 创建一个Bookadmin的modeladmin的子类
class Bookadmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
  list_display=('id','name','publisher','publisher_date','publisher_state')
  search_fields=('name',)
  list_filter=('publisher','publisher_date',)
  list_per_page=5
  list_editable=('name','publisher_state',)
  list_select_related=('publisher',)
  filter_horizontal=('authors',)
  raw_id_fields=('publisher',)
  actions=['set_publisher_checkout','set_publisher_dai','set_publisher_status','set_publisher_del',]

admin.site.register(models.Author,Authoradmin) #不要忘了把这些定义好的扩展写进来
admin.site.register(models.Publisher,Publisheradmin)
admin.site.register(models.Book,Bookadmin)

#配置作者页面的扩展内容
class Authoradmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
  list_display=('first_name','last_name','email')

#配置出版社的扩展显示
class Publisheradmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
  list_display = ('name','address','country',)

  def set_publisher_checkout(modeladmin,request,queryset):
    selected=request.POST.getlist(admin.ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME) #选中传入的表单中,勾选的checkbox对应的id集合
    models.Book.objects.filter(id__in=selected).update(publisher_state='checkout') #将所有选中的id对象,修改出版状态为checkout
  def set_publisher_dai(modeladmin,request,queryset):
    selected=request.POST.getlist(admin.ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME)
    models.Book.objects.filter(id__in=selected).update(publisher_state='dai')
  def set_publisher_status(modeladmin,request,queryset):
    selected=request.POST.getlist(admin.ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME)
    models.Book.objects.filter(id__in=selected).update(publisher_state='status')
  def set_publisher_del(modeladmin,request,queryset):    #########扩展部分,增加对选中的记录今夕删除!###########
    selected=request.POST.getlist(admin.ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME)
    models.Book.objects.filter(id__in=selected).delete()
​
  set_publisher_checkout.short_description="设置所有的书籍为--已出版"     #为了使界面更加友好,添加别名
  set_publisher_status.short_description="设置所有的书籍为--审核中"
  set_publisher_dai.short_description="设置所有的书籍为--待出版"
  set_publisher_del.short_description="设置所有的书籍为--删除"

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals
​
from django.contrib import admin
from book11 import models
# Register your models here.
class Bookadmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
  list_display=('id','name','publisher','publisher_date','publisher_state')
  search_fields=('name',)
  list_filter=('publisher','publisher_date',)
  list_per_page=5
  list_editable=('name','publisher_state',)
  list_select_related=('publisher',)
  filter_horizontal=('authors',)
  raw_id_fields=('publisher',)
  actions=['set_publisher_checkout','set_publisher_dai','set_publisher_status','set_publisher_del',]
​
  def set_publisher_checkout(modeladmin,request,queryset):
    selected=request.POST.getlist(admin.ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME)
    models.Book.objects.filter(id__in=selected).update(publisher_state='checkout')
  def set_publisher_dai(modeladmin,request,queryset):
    selected=request.POST.getlist(admin.ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME)
    models.Book.objects.filter(id__in=selected).update(publisher_state='dai')
  def set_publisher_status(modeladmin,request,queryset):
    selected=request.POST.getlist(admin.ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME)
    models.Book.objects.filter(id__in=selected).update(publisher_state='status')
  def set_publisher_del(modeladmin,request,queryset):
    selected=request.POST.getlist(admin.ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME)
    models.Book.objects.filter(id__in=selected).delete()
​
  set_publisher_checkout.short_description="设置所有的书籍为--已出版"
  set_publisher_status.short_description="设置所有的书籍为--审核中"
  set_publisher_dai.short_description="设置所有的书籍为--待出版"
  set_publisher_del.short_description="设置所有的书籍为--删除"
​
class Authoradmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
  list_display=('first_name','last_name','email')
​
class Publisheradmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
  list_display = ('name','address','country',)
​
admin.site.register(models.Author,Authoradmin)
admin.site.register(models.Publisher,Publisheradmin)
admin.site.register(models.Book,Bookadmin)