centos 安装python3.6环境并配置虚拟环境的详细教程

# 创建下载目录
mkdir $HOME/tools 
# 切换到tools统一管理源码目录
cd $HOME/tools 
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.4/Python-3.6.4.tgz

tar -xf Python-3.6.4.tgz

cd $HOME/tools/Python-3.6.4

./configure --enable-optimizations --prefix=/application/python-3.6.4
# --enable-optimizations 稳定性优化参数
# --prefix 指定安装路径
# 编译和安装
make && make install

ln -s /application/python-3.6.4 /application/python

echo 'export PATH="/application/python/bin:$PATH"' >> /etc/profile
# 注意多个软件加入环境变量中间以 : 隔开

. /etc/profile
python3
# linux系统中默认为python命令为启动python2解释器，python3启动对应的python3.x版本解释器
# 至此，python环境安装完成

pip3
# 查看已经安装的第三方库
pip3 list
# pip3 install django   python3安装Django程序，可以通过 == 指定软件包版本
# pip3 和 pip 本质是一样的，只是这个pip3指定给安装的python3版本安装软件包

pip3 install django -i http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple --trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com

mkdir $HOME/.pip -P

echo -e "[global]\ntrusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com\nindex-url=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/" > $HOME/.pip/pip.conf

# %HOMEPATH% 是什么东东？

[global]
trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com
index-url=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/

pip3 install virtualenvwrapper

mkdir $HOME/.pyenv
# $HOME 表示当前用户家目录

cat >>$HOME/.bashrc<<beimenchuixue
# 使用Distribute和pip方式替代以前setuptools和easy_install
export VIRTUALENV_USE_DISTRIBUTE=1
# 指定虚拟环境路径
export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.pyenv
# 指定python虚拟根基
export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/application/python/bin/python3
# 指定 vituralenvwrapper虚拟 shell环境
if [ -e /application/python/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh ];then
source /application/python/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
 fi
# 虚拟环境pip安装根基
export PIP_VIRTUALENV_BASE=$WORKON_HOME
# pip是否遵守虚拟环境
export PIP_RESPECT_VIRTUALENV=true
<<beimenchuixue

. $HOME/.bashrc

virtualenvwrapper –help
# 如果出现帮助信息，至此centos上虚拟环境安装完成

mkvirtualenv --> mkenv
rmvirtualenv --> rmenv
deactivate --> outenv
sed -i "9i # only want to easy use and read\n\
# you also can set what you like\n\
alias mkenv='mkvirtualenv'\n\
alias rmenv='rmvirtualenv'\n\
alias outenv='deactivate'" $HOME/.bashrc
# 这些配置谁执行谁生效，对应当前登录用户

mkenv test   # 创建虚拟环境test，并直接进入
outenv     # 退出虚拟环境
workon     # 检查
rmenv test   # 删除test虚拟环境
workon     # 检查
# 看官又想知道window下如何创建虚拟化环境，嘻嘻，建议直接使用pycharm，创建项目的是既可以自动创建虚拟环境，可以节省时间，又可以节省少量的智商

githup: https://github.com/beimenchuixue/shells
#!/bin/sh
# author: beimenchuixue
# email: 422083556@qq.com
# blog: http://www.cnblogs.com/2bjiujiu/
download_to="$HOME/tools"
py_version="3.6.4"
install_path="/application"
yilai_bao="zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++"
env_path="/etc/profile"
add_path="/application/python/bin"
vitrualenv_path="$HOME/.pyenv"
user_env_path="$HOME/.bashrc"
. /etc/init.d/functions
sure_ok() {
 [ $1 -eq 0 ] && {
  action "$2 is" /bin/true
 } || {
  action "$2 is" /bin/false
  exit $1
 }
}
install_yilai() {
 yum install -y $yilai_bao
 sure_ok $? "python yilai_bao install"
}
# install_yilai
down_python() {
 [ -d $download_to ] || {
  mkdir $download_to -p
  action "init download path is" /bin/true
 }
 cd $download_to
 yum install -y wget &> /dev/null
 echo "Foreign sities may be slow, please waitting"
 wget -q https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${py_version}/Python-${py_version}.tgz &> /dev/null
 sure_ok $? 'down python-$py_version'
}
# down_python
jie_ya() {
 cd $download_to
 [ -f Python-${py_version}.tgz ] && {
  tar -xf Python-${py_version}.tgz
 } || {
  down_python
  tar -xf Python-${py_version}.tgz
 }
 sure_ok $? "python jie ya"
}
# jie_ya
go_configure() {
 cd $download_to/Python-${py_version}
 ./configure --enable-optimizations --prefix=${install_path}/Python-${py_version} &> /dev/null
 sure_ok $? "python configure" 
}
# go_configure
go_make() {
 cd $download_to/Python-${py_version}
 echo "may be slow, please wait..."
 make &> /dev/null
 sure_ok $? "python- make"
}
# go_make
go_make_install() {
 cd $download_to/Python-${py_version}
 echo "also need some time, please wait..."
 make install &> /dev/null
 sure_ok $? "python make install"
}
# go_make_install
create_soft_link() {
 ln -s ${install_path}/Python-${py_version} ${install_path}/python
 sure_ok $? "python create soft link"
}
# create_soft_link
go_add_path() {
 linse_num=`sed -n '/export PATH=/=' $env_path`
 [ -z "$linse_num" ] && {
  echo "export PATH=\"$add_path:$PATH\"" >> $env_path
  sure_ok $? "python add path"
 } || {
  change_data=$( echo `sed -n '/export PATH=/p' $env_path`| awk -F '[ "]' -v v=$add_path '{print $1,$2"\""$2$3":"v"\""}')
  sed -i "${linse_num}c $change_data" $env_path
  . $env_path
  sure_ok $? "python add path"
 } 
}
# go_add_path
go_aliyun_pip(){
 [ -d $HOME/.pip ] || {
  mkdir $HOME/.pip -p
  sure_ok $? "init .pip dir"
 }
 cd $HOME/.pip
 echo -e "[global]\ntrusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com\nindex-url=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/" > pip.conf
 sure_ok $? "python go aliyun pip"
}
# go_aliyun_pip
go_install_vitualenv() {
 . $env_path
 pip3 install virtualenvwrapper >> /dev/null
 sure_ok $? "python install virtualenv"
}
# go_install_vitualenv
go_setting_vitualenv() {
 [ -d $vitrualenv_path ] || {
  mkdir $vitrualenv_path -p
  sure_ok $? "python mkdir $vitrualenv_path"
 }
 cat>>$user_env_path<<jia
export VIRTUALENV_USE_DISTRIBUTE=1
export WORKON_HOME=$vitrualenv_path
export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=$add_path/python3
if [ -e $add_path/virtualenvwrapper.sh ];then
 source $add_path/virtualenvwrapper.sh
fi
export PIP_VIRTUALENV_BASE=\$WORKON_HOME
export PIP_RESPECT_VIRTUALENV=true
jia
 sure_ok $? "python setting virtualenv"
}
# go_setting_vitualenv
person_virtualenv_alias() {
 sed -i "9i # only want to easy use and read\n\
# you also can set what you like\n\
alias mkenv='mkvirtualenv'\n\
alias rmenv='rmvirtualenv'\n\
alias outenv='deactivate'" $user_env_path
 sure_ok $? "python vituralenv person setting"
}
# person_virtualenv_alais
beimenchuixue_main() {
 install_yilai
 down_python
 jie_ya
 go_configure
 go_make
 go_make_install
 create_soft_link
 go_add_path
 go_aliyun_pip
 go_install_vitualenv
 go_setting_vitualenv
 person_virtualenv_alias
}
beimenchuixue_main