python pandas dataframe 行列选择,切片操作方法

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np


df = pd.DataFrame({'total_bill': [16.99, 10.34, 23.68, 23.68, 24.59],
          'tip': [1.01, 1.66, 3.50, 3.31, 3.61],
          'sex': ['Female', 'Male', 'Male', 'Male', 'Female']})
# data type of columns
print df.dtypes
# indexes
print df.index
# return pandas.Index
print df.columns
# each row, return array[array]
print df.values
print df

sex      object
tip      float64
total_bill  float64
dtype: object
RangeIndex(start=0, stop=5, step=1)
Index([u'sex', u'tip', u'total_bill'], dtype='object')
[['Female' 1.01 16.99]
 ['Male' 1.66 10.34]
 ['Male' 3.5 23.68]
 ['Male' 3.31 23.68]
 ['Female' 3.61 24.59]]
   sex  tip total_bill
0 Female 1.01    16.99
1  Male 1.66    10.34
2  Male 3.50    23.68
3  Male 3.31    23.68
4 Female 3.61    24.59

print df.loc[1:3, ['total_bill', 'tip']]
print df.loc[1:3, 'tip': 'total_bill']
print df.iloc[1:3, [1, 2]]
print df.iloc[1:3, 1: 3]

  total_bill  tip
1    10.34 1.66
2    23.68 3.50
3    23.68 3.31
  tip total_bill
1 1.66    10.34
2 3.50    23.68
3 3.31    23.68
  tip total_bill
1 1.66    10.34
2 3.50    23.68
  tip total_bill
1 1.66    10.34
2 3.50    23.68

print df.loc[1:3, [2, 3]]#.loc仅支持列名操作

KeyError: 'None of [[2, 3]] are in the [columns]'

print df.loc[[2, 3]]#.loc可以不加列名，则是行选择

  sex  tip total_bill
2 Male 3.50    23.68
3 Male 3.31    23.68

print df.iloc[1:3]#.iloc可以不加第几列，则是行选择

sex  tip total_bill
1 Male 1.66    10.34
2 Male 3.50    23.68

print df.iloc[1:3, 'tip': 'total_bill']

TypeError: cannot do slice indexing on <class 'pandas.indexes.base.Index'> with these indexers [tip] of <type 'str'>

print df.at[3, 'tip']
print df.iat[3, 1]
print df.ix[1:3, [1, 2]]
print df.ix[1:3, ['total_bill', 'tip']]

3.31
3.31
  tip total_bill
1 1.66    10.34
2 3.50    23.68
3 3.31    23.68
  total_bill  tip
1    10.34 1.66
2    23.68 3.50
3    23.68 3.31

print df.ix[[1, 2]]#行选择

  sex  tip total_bill
1 Male 1.66    10.34
2 Male 3.50    23.68

print df[1: 3]
print df[['total_bill', 'tip']]
# print df[1:2, ['total_bill', 'tip']] # TypeError: unhashable type

sex  tip total_bill
1 Male 1.66    10.34
2 Male 3.50    23.68
  total_bill  tip
0    16.99 1.01
1    10.34 1.66
2    23.68 3.50
3    23.68 3.31
4    24.59 3.61

print df[1:3,1:2]

TypeError: unhashable type