详解Python的hasattr() getattr() setattr() 函数使用方法

 >>> class test():
 ...   name="xiaohua"
 ...   def run(self):
 ...       return "HelloWord"
 ...
 >>> t=test()
 >>> hasattr(t, "name") #判断对象有name属性
 True
 >>> hasattr(t, "run") #判断对象有run方法
 True
 >>>

 >>> class test():
 ...   name="xiaohua"
 ...   def run(self):
 ...       return "HelloWord"
 ...
 >>> t=test()
 >>> getattr(t, "name") #获取name属性，存在就打印出来。
 'xiaohua'
 >>> getattr(t, "run") #获取run方法，存在就打印出方法的内存地址。
 <bound method test.run of <__main__.test instance at 0x0269C878>>
 >>> getattr(t, "run")() #获取run方法，后面加括号可以将这个方法运行。
 'HelloWord'
>>> getattr(t, "age") #获取一个不存在的属性。
 Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
 AttributeError: test instance has no attribute 'age'
 >>> getattr(t, "age","18") #若属性不存在，返回一个默认值。
 '18'
 >>>

 >>> class test():
 ...   name="xiaohua"
 ...   def run(self):
 ...       return "HelloWord"
 ...
 >>> t=test()
 >>> hasattr(t, "age")  #判断属性是否存在
 False
 >>> setattr(t, "age", "18")  #为属相赋值，并没有返回值
 >>> hasattr(t, "age")  #属性存在了
 True
 >>>

 >>> class test():
 ...   name="xiaohua"
 ...   def run(self):
 ...       return "HelloWord"
 ...
 >>> t=test()
 >>> getattr(t, "age")  #age属性不存在
 Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
 AttributeError: test instance has no attribute 'age'
 >>> getattr(t, "age", setattr(t, "age", "18")) #age属性不存在时，设置该属性
 '18'
 >>> getattr(t, "age") #可检测设置成功
 '18'
 >>>