Python中正则表达式的用法总结

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import re
def print_match_res(res):
  """打印匹配对象内容"""
  if res is not None:
    print(res.group())
  else:
    print(None)
# 两种匹配方式：
pattern="[A-Z][a-z]+"
# 一、使用re模块函数进行匹配
res=re.match(pattern,"Tom is a good boy")     # 匹配，返回匹配对象
print(type(res))
print(res.group())
# 二、使用预编译后的正则表达式对象的方法进行匹配
obj_pattern=re.compile(pattern)   # 预编译，返回正则表达式对象
print(type(obj_pattern))
res=obj_pattern.match("Tom is a good boy")    # 匹配，返回匹配对象
print(type(res))
print(res.group())
# 匹配对象的group()和groups()方法
pattern="\d{3}-\d{5}"
obj_pattern=re.compile(pattern)
res=obj_pattern.search("家庭电话:000-88886")
print(res.group())   # 返回整个匹配或特定子组
print(res.groups())   # 返回包含全部子组的元组
# match():从起始部分开始匹配，如果成功，返回匹配对象；失败，返回None。只匹配一次
pattern="my"
# res=re.compile(pattern).match("my name is li")
res=re.match(pattern,"my name is li")
print_match_res(res)
# search(): 从任意位置开始匹配，如果成功，返回匹配对象；失败，返回None。只匹配一次
pattern="my"
# res=re.compile(pattern).search("it's my dog")
res=re.search(pattern,"my name is li")
print_match_res(res)
# 查找全部
# findall(),finditer()
res=re.findall(r"th\w+","This and that",re.I)
print(res)
res=re.finditer(r"th\w+","This and that",re.I)
print(res)
print(next(res).group(),next(res).group())
# 替换
# sub(),subn()
res=re.sub("funny","fool","You are so funny")
print(res)
res=re.subn("funny","fool","You are so funny")
print(res)
# 分割
# splite()
res=re.split("\.","Mr.Smith")
print(res)
print("#"*50)
# 择一匹配符号 a|b
pattern="I|You|She"
res=re.compile(pattern,flags=re.IGNORECASE).match("i love you")
print_match_res(res)
res=re.compile(pattern,flags=re.I).search("who love you")
print_match_res(res)
# 匹配任意单个字符 .
pattern="w{3,}\..+\.com"
res=re.match(pattern,"wwww.google.com/index.html",re.I)
print_match_res(res)
# 字符集 [abc] [a-z0-9]
pattern="[A-Za-z0-9_]*\."
res=re.match(pattern,"Python3.?")
print_match_res(res)
# 特殊字符 \d \w \s \b \\
# 重复 + ? * {N,} {N,M}
# 分组 (...)
pattern="\w+@(\w{1,10}\.)*([a-z]*)"
res=re.match(pattern,"li@gmail.com")
print_match_res(res)
res=re.match(pattern,"li@qq.vip.org")
print_match_res(res)
print(res.group(0),res.group(1),res.group(2),sep="\t")
print(res.groups())
# 匹配字符串的起始和结尾，单词边界 ^a z$ \A \Z \b \B
pattern=r"^the"
# pattern=r"\Athe"
res=re.search(pattern,"The end of the world")
print_match_res(res)
res=re.search(pattern,"they smile")
print_match_res(res)
pattern=r"cry$"
# pattern=r"cry\Z"
res=re.search(pattern,"they cry")
print_match_res(res)
res=re.search(r"\bthe","bit the dog")
print_match_res(res)
res=re.search(r"\Bhe","bit the dog")
print_match_res(res)