感知器基础原理及python实现过程详解

'''
perceptron classifier

created on 2019.9.14
author: vince
'''
import pandas 
import numpy 
import logging
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from sklearn.datasets import load_iris
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score

'''
perceptron classifier

Attributes
w: ld-array = weights after training
l: list = number of misclassification during each iteration 
'''
class Perceptron:
  def __init__(self, eta = 0.01, iter_num = 50, batch_size = 1):
    '''
    eta: float = learning rate (between 0.0 and 1.0).
    iter_num: int = iteration over the training dataset.
    batch_size: int = gradient descent batch number, 
      if batch_size == 1, used SGD; 
      if batch_size == 0, use BGD; 
      else MBGD;
    '''

    self.eta = eta;
    self.iter_num = iter_num;
    self.batch_size = batch_size;

  def train(self, X, Y):
    '''
    train training data.
    X:{array-like}, shape=[n_samples, n_features] = Training vectors, 
      where n_samples is the number of training samples and 
      n_features is the number of features.
    Y:{array-like}, share=[n_samples] = traget values.
    '''
    self.w = numpy.zeros(1 + X.shape[1]);
    self.l = numpy.zeros(self.iter_num);
    for iter_index in range(self.iter_num):
      for sample_index in range(X.shape[0]): 
        if (self.activation(X[sample_index]) != Y[sample_index]):
          logging.debug("%s: pred(%s), label(%s), %s, %s" % (sample_index, 
            self.net_input(X[sample_index]) , Y[sample_index],
            X[sample_index, 0], X[sample_index, 1]));
          self.l[iter_index] += 1;
      for sample_index in range(X.shape[0]): 
        if (self.activation(X[sample_index]) != Y[sample_index]):
          self.w[0] += self.eta * Y[sample_index];
          self.w[1:] += self.eta * numpy.dot(X[sample_index], Y[sample_index]);
          break;
      logging.info("iter %s: %s, %s, %s, %s" %
          (iter_index, self.w[0], self.w[1], self.w[2], self.l[iter_index]));

  def activation(self, x):
    return numpy.where(self.net_input(x) >= 0.0 , 1 , -1);

  def net_input(self, x): 
    return numpy.dot(x, self.w[1:]) + self.w[0];

  def predict(self, x):
    return self.activation(x);

def main():
  logging.basicConfig(level = logging.INFO,
      format = '%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s',
      datefmt = '%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S');

  iris = load_iris();

  features = iris.data[:99, [0, 2]];
  # normalization
  features_std = numpy.copy(features);
  for i in range(features.shape[1]):
    features_std[:, i] = (features_std[:, i] - features[:, i].mean()) / features[:, i].std();

  labels = numpy.where(iris.target[:99] == 0, -1, 1);

  # 2/3 data from training, 1/3 data for testing
  train_features, test_features, train_labels, test_labels = train_test_split(
      features_std, labels, test_size = 0.33, random_state = 23323);
  
  logging.info("train set shape:%s" % (str(train_features.shape)));

  p = Perceptron();

  p.train(train_features, train_labels);
    
  test_predict = numpy.array([]);
  for feature in test_features:
    predict_label = p.predict(feature);
    test_predict = numpy.append(test_predict, predict_label);

  score = accuracy_score(test_labels, test_predict);
  logging.info("The accruacy score is: %s "% (str(score)));

  #plot
  x_min, x_max = train_features[:, 0].min() - 1, train_features[:, 0].max() + 1;
  y_min, y_max = train_features[:, 1].min() - 1, train_features[:, 1].max() + 1;
  plt.xlim(x_min, x_max);
  plt.ylim(y_min, y_max);
  plt.xlabel("width");
  plt.ylabel("heigt");

  plt.scatter(train_features[:, 0], train_features[:, 1], c = train_labels, marker = 'o', s = 10);

  k = - p.w[1] / p.w[2];
  d = - p.w[0] / p.w[2];

  plt.plot([x_min, x_max], [k * x_min + d, k * x_max + d], "go-");

  plt.show();
  

if __name__ == "__main__":
  main();