Python hashlib模块实例使用详解

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import hashlib
# 始终可用的算法
print('始终可用的算法 : {}'.format(sorted(hashlib.algorithms_guaranteed)))
print('需要结合OpenSSL可用算法 : {}'.format(sorted(hashlib.algorithms_available)))

[root@ mnt]# python3 hashlib_algorithms.py 
始终可用的算法 : ['blake2b', 'blake2s', 'md5', 'sha1', 'sha224', 'sha256', 'sha384', 'sha3_224', 'sha3_256', 'sha3_384', 'sha3_512', 'sha512', 'shake_128', 'shake_256']
需要结合OpenSSL可用算法 : ['DSA', 'DSA-SHA', 'MD4', 'MD5', 'RIPEMD160', 'SHA', 'SHA1', 'SHA224', 'SHA256', 'SHA384', 'SHA512', 'blake2b', 'blake2s', 'dsaEncryption', 'dsaWithSHA', 'ecdsa-with-SHA1', 'md4', 'md5', 'ripemd160', 'sha', 'sha1', 'sha224', 'sha256', 'sha384', 'sha3_224', 'sha3_256', 'sha3_384', 'sha3_512', 'sha512', 'shake_128', 'shake_256', 'whirlpool']

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import hashlib
md5_obj = hashlib.md5()
md5_obj.update('123456'.encode('utf-8'))
print(md5_obj.hexdigest())

[root@ mnt]# python3 hashlib_md5.py 
e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import hashlib

salt = '1234'
md5_obj = hashlib.md5(salt.encode('utf-8'))
md5_obj.update('123456'.encode('utf-8'))
print(md5_obj.hexdigest())

[root@ mnt]# python3 hashlib_md5_salt.py 
b38e2bf274239ff5dd2b45ee9ae099c9

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import hashlib
sha1_obj = hashlib.sha1()
sha1_obj.update('123456'.encode('utf-8'))
print(sha1_obj.hexdigest())
hashlib_sha1.py

[root@ mnt]# python3 hashlib_sha1.py 
7c4a8d09ca3762af61e59520943dc26494f8941b

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import hashlib
import argparse

lorem = 'Hello World'

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser('hashlib Demo')
parser.add_argument(
  'hash_name',
  choices=hashlib.algorithms_available,
  help='请输入hashlib的名字'
)

parser.add_argument(
  'data',
  nargs='?',
  default=lorem,
  help='请输入要加密的数据'
)

args = parser.parse_args()
h = hashlib.new(args.hash_name)
h.update(args.data.encode('utf-8'))
print(h.hexdigest())

[root@ mnt]# python3 hashlib_new.py md5 123456
e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e

[root@ mnt]# python3 hashlib_new.py sha1 123456
7c4a8d09ca3762af61e59520943dc26494f8941b

[root@ mnt]# python3 hashlib_new.py sha256 123456
8d969eef6ecad3c29a3a629280e686cf0c3f5d5a86aff3ca12020c923adc6c92


[root@mnt]# python3 hashlib_new.py sha512 123456
ba3253876aed6bc22d4a6ff53d8406c6ad864195ed144ab5c87621b6c233b548baeae6956df346ec8c17f5ea10f35ee3cbc514797ed7ddd3145464e2a0bab413

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import hashlib

content = '''Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing
elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna
aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation
ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis
aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum
dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat
cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt
mollit anim id est laborum.'''

#一次性加密：缺点文件大的话，加载到内存会导致内存溢出
h = hashlib.md5()
h.update(content.encode('utf-8'))
all_at_once = h.hexdigest()

#利用生成器，切片加密，对大文件加密有用
def chunkize(size, text):
  start = 0
  while start < len(text):
    chuck = text[start:start + size]
    yield chuck
    start += size
  return

#一行一行加密
h = hashlib.md5()
for chunk in chunkize(64,content.encode(('utf-8'))):
  h.update(chunk)
line_by_line = h.hexdigest()

print('一性次加密结果 : ',all_at_once)
print('一行一行加密结果 : ',line_by_line)

[root@ mnt]# python3 hashlib_update.py 
一性次加密结果 : 3f2fd2c9e25d60fb0fa5d593b802b7a8
一行一行加密结果 : 3f2fd2c9e25d60fb0fa5d593b802b7a8