python图形开发GUI库pyqt5的基本使用方法详解

pip install pyqt5

#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
"""
Py40.com PyQt5 tutorial 
 
In this example, we create a simple
window in PyQt5.
 
author: Jan Bodnar
website: py40.com 
last edited: January 2015
"""
 
import sys
 
#这里我们提供必要的引用。基本控件位于pyqt5.qtwidgets模块中。
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
 #每一pyqt5应用程序必须创建一个应用程序对象。sys.argv参数是一个列表，从命令行输入参数。
 app = QApplication(sys.argv)
 #QWidget部件是pyqt5所有用户界面对象的基类。他为QWidget提供默认构造函数。默认构造函数没有父类。
 w = QWidget()
 #resize()方法调整窗口的大小。这离是250px宽150px高
 w.resize(250, 150)
 #move()方法移动窗口在屏幕上的位置到x = 300，y = 300坐标。
 w.move(300, 300)
 #设置窗口的标题
 w.setWindowTitle('Simple')
 #显示在屏幕上
 w.show()
 
 #系统exit()方法确保应用程序干净的退出
 #的exec_()方法有下划线。因为执行是一个Python关键词。因此，exec_()代替
 sys.exit(app.exec_())

#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
"""
py40 PyQt5 tutorial 
 
This example shows an icon
in the titlebar of the window.
 
author: Jan Bodnar
website: py40.com 
last edited: January 2015
"""
 
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
 
 
class Example(QWidget):
 
 def __init__(self):
  super().__init__()
  
  self.initUI() #界面绘制交给InitUi方法
  
  
 def initUI(self):
  #设置窗口的位置和大小
  self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 220) 
  #设置窗口的标题
  self.setWindowTitle('Icon')
  #设置窗口的图标，引用当前目录下的web.png图片
  self.setWindowIcon(QIcon('web.png'))  
  
  #显示窗口
  self.show()
  
  
if __name__ == '__main__':
 #创建应用程序和对象
 app = QApplication(sys.argv)
 ex = Example()
 sys.exit(app.exec_()) 

class Example(QWidget):
 
 def __init__(self):
  super().__init__()
  ...

#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
"""
Py40 PyQt5 tutorial 
 
This example shows a tooltip on 
a window and a button.
 
author: Jan Bodnar
website: py40.com 
last edited: January 2015
"""
 
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QToolTip, 
 QPushButton, QApplication)
from PyQt5.QtGui import QFont 
 
 
class Example(QWidget):
 
 def __init__(self):
  super().__init__()
  
  self.initUI()
  
  
 def initUI(self):
  #这种静态的方法设置一个用于显示工具提示的字体。我们使用10px滑体字体。
  QToolTip.setFont(QFont('SansSerif', 10))
  
  #创建一个提示，我们称之为settooltip()方法。我们可以使用丰富的文本格式
  self.setToolTip('This is a <b>QWidget</b> widget')
  
  #创建一个PushButton并为他设置一个tooltip
  btn = QPushButton('Button', self)
  btn.setToolTip('This is a <b>QPushButton</b> widget')
  
  #btn.sizeHint()显示默认尺寸
  btn.resize(btn.sizeHint())
  
  #移动窗口的位置
  btn.move(50, 50)  
  
  self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 200)
  self.setWindowTitle('Tooltips') 
  self.show()
  
  
if __name__ == '__main__':
 
 app = QApplication(sys.argv)
 ex = Example()
 sys.exit(app.exec_())

#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
"""
Py40 PyQt5 tutorial 
 
This program creates a quit
button. When we press the button,
the application terminates. 
 
author: Jan Bodnar
website: py40.com 
last edited: January 2015
"""
 
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QPushButton, QApplication
from PyQt5.QtCore import QCoreApplication
 
 
class Example(QWidget):
 
 def __init__(self):
  super().__init__()
  
  self.initUI()
  
  
 def initUI(self):    
  
  qbtn = QPushButton('Quit', self)
  qbtn.clicked.connect(QCoreApplication.instance().quit)
  qbtn.resize(qbtn.sizeHint())
  qbtn.move(50, 50)  
  
  self.setGeometry(300, 300, 250, 150)
  self.setWindowTitle('Quit button') 
  self.show()
  
  
if __name__ == '__main__':
 
 app = QApplication(sys.argv)
 ex = Example()
 sys.exit(app.exec_())

#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
"""
ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial 
 
This program shows a confirmation 
message box when we click on the close
button of the application window. 
 
author: Jan Bodnar
website: zetcode.com 
last edited: January 2015
"""
 
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QMessageBox, QApplication
 
 
class Example(QWidget):
 
 def __init__(self):
  super().__init__()
  
  self.initUI()
  
  
 def initUI(self):    
  
  self.setGeometry(300, 300, 250, 150)  
  self.setWindowTitle('Message box') 
  self.show()
  
  
 def closeEvent(self, event):
  
  reply = QMessageBox.question(self, 'Message',
   "Are you sure to quit?", QMessageBox.Yes | 
   QMessageBox.No, QMessageBox.No)
 
  if reply == QMessageBox.Yes:
   event.accept()
  else:
   event.ignore()  
  
  
if __name__ == '__main__':
 
 app = QApplication(sys.argv)
 ex = Example()
 sys.exit(app.exec_())

reply = QMessageBox.question(self, 'Message',
 "Are you sure to quit?", QMessageBox.Yes | 
 QMessageBox.No, QMessageBox.No)

if reply == QtGui.QMessageBox.Yes:
 event.accept()
else:
 event.ignore() 

#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
"""
Py40 PyQt5 tutorial 
 
This program centers a window 
on the screen. 
 
author: Jan Bodnar
website: py40.com 
last edited: January 2015
"""
 
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QDesktopWidget, QApplication
 
 
class Example(QWidget):
 
 def __init__(self):
  super().__init__()
  
  self.initUI()
  
  
 def initUI(self):    
  
  self.resize(250, 150)
  self.center()
  
  self.setWindowTitle('Center') 
  self.show()
  
 
 #控制窗口显示在屏幕中心的方法 
 def center(self):
  
  #获得窗口
  qr = self.frameGeometry()
  #获得屏幕中心点
  cp = QDesktopWidget().availableGeometry().center()
  #显示到屏幕中心
  qr.moveCenter(cp)
  self.move(qr.topLeft())
  
  
if __name__ == '__main__':
 
 app = QApplication(sys.argv)
 ex = Example()
 sys.exit(app.exec_())