Python中常用的高阶函数实例详解

In [1]: (lambda x: x * 3 + 5)(3)
Out[1]: 14

In [4]: a = list(range(5))
In [5]: b = list(range(2, 7))
# 结合lambda匿名函数，对a列表中的每个元素，计算x * 3 + 5的函数值
In [6]: list(map(lambda x: x * 3 + 5, a))
Out[6]: [5, 8, 11, 14, 17]
In [9]: def add(x, y):
  ...:   return x+y
# 传入多个序列，a、b两个序列中的对应元素依次传入函数add中进行计算
# Note: a、b两个序列的长度可以不相等
In [10]: list(map(add, a, b))
Out[10]: [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]

In [18]: a = list(range(5))

In [19]: def isodd(number):
  ...:   if number % 2 == 0:
  ...:     return False
  ...:   return True
  ...:

In [20]: filter(isodd, a)
Out[20]: <filter at 0x1a6dc460748>

# 过滤掉所有偶数
In [21]: list(filter(isodd, a))
Out[21]: [1, 3]

In [23]: from functools import reduce
In [24]: a = list(range(5))
In [25]: sum = reduce((lambda x, y: x + y), a)
In [26]: sum
Out[26]: 10

# 比如按照a中每个字符串最后的数字大小，降序排序
In [30]: a
Out[30]: ['fasad_2', 'fadfc_4', '7hdc_0', 'ncsl_1', 'fai_3']

In [32]: sorted(a, key=lambda x: int(x[x.rindex('_') + 1:]), reverse=True)
Out[32]: ['fadfc_4', 'fai_3', 'fasad_2', 'ncsl_1', '7hdc_0']