Python json模块与jsonpath模块区别详解

#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
__author__ = 'mayi'
 
import json
 
listStr = [1, 2, 3, 4]
tupleStr = (1, 2, 3, 4)
dictStr = {"city": "北京", "name": "蚂蚁"}
 
print(json.dumps(listStr))
# [1, 2, 3, 4]
 
print(type(json.dumps(listStr)))
# <class 'str'>
 
print(json.dumps(tupleStr))
# [1, 2, 3, 4]
 
print(type(json.dumps(tupleStr)))
# <class 'str'>
 
# 注意：json.dumps() 序列化时默认使用的ascii编码
# 添加参数 ensure_ascii=False 禁用ascii编码，按utf-8编码
print(json.dumps(dictStr, ensure_ascii = False))
# {"city": "北京", "name": "蚂蚁"}
 
print(type(json.dumps(dictStr, ensure_ascii = False)))
# <class 'str'>

#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
__author__ = 'mayi'
import json
listStr = [{"city": "北京"}, {"name": "蚂蚁"}]
json.dump(listStr, open("listStr.json", "w", encoding = "utf-8"), ensure_ascii = False)
 
dictStr = {"city": "北京", "name": "蚂蚁"}
json.dump(dictStr, open("dictStr.json", "w", encoding = "utf-8"), ensure_ascii = False)

#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
__author__ = 'mayi'
 
import json
 
strList = '[1, 2, 3, 4]'
 
strDict = '{"city": "北京", "name": "蚂蚁"}'
 
print(json.loads(strList))
# [1, 2, 3, 4]
 
# json数据自动按utf-8存储
print(json.loads(strDict))
# {'city': '北京', 'name': '蚂蚁'}

#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
__author__ = 'mayi'
import json
strList = json.load(open("listStr.json", "r", encoding = "utf-8"))
print(strList)
# [{'city': '北京'}, {'name': '蚂蚁'}]
 
strDict = json.load(open("dictStr.json", "r", encoding = "utf-8"))
print(strDict)
# {'city': '北京', 'name': '蚂蚁'}

#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
__author__ = 'mayi'
 
import urllib.request
import json
import jsonpath
 
# 拉勾网城市JSON文件
url = 'http://www.lagou.com/lbs/getAllCitySearchLabels.json'
# User-Agent头
header = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.71 Safari/537.36'}
 
# url 连同 headers，一起构造Request请求，这个请求将附带 chrome 浏览器的User-Agent
request = urllib.request.Request(url, headers = header)
 
# 向服务器发送这个请求
response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
 
# 获取页面内容：bytes
html = response.read()
 
# 转码：bytes转str
html = html.decode("utf-8")
 
# 把json格式字符串转换成python对象
obj = json.loads(html)
 
# 从根节点开始，匹配name节点
city_list = jsonpath.jsonpath(obj, '$..name')
 
# 打印获取的name节点
print(city_list)
# 打印其类型
print(type(city_list))
 
# 写入本地磁盘文件
with open("city.json", "w", encoding = "utf-8") as f:
  content = json.dumps(city_list, ensure_ascii = False)
  f.write(content)