python中urllib.request和requests的使用及区别详解

import urllib.request
url='https://www.douban.com'
webPage=urllib.request.urlopen(url)
print(webPage)
data=webPage.read()
print(data)
print(data.decode('utf-8'))

import urllib.request
url='https://www.douban.com'
headers = {
   'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/64.0.3282.186 Safari/537.36',
 }
response=urllib.request.Request(url=url,headers=headers)
webPage=urllib.request.urlopen(response)
print(webPage.read().decode('utf-8'))

import requests
url='https://www.douban.com'
headers = {
  'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/64.0.3282.186 Safari/537.36',
}
get_response = requests.get(url,headers=headers,params=None)
post_response=requests.post(url,headers=headers,data=None,json=None)
print(post_response)
print(get_response.text)
print(get_response.content)
print(get_response.json)

class Request:
  
  # 主要看这块，构造函数中指明了Request进一步包装请求中可以传递的参数有（url，data，headers，            
  # origin_req_host，unverifiable，method）
 
  def __init__(self, url, data=None, headers={},
         origin_req_host=None, unverifiable=False,
         method=None):
    self.full_url = url
    self.headers = {}
    self.unredirected_hdrs = {}
    self._data = None
    self.data = data
    self._tunnel_host = None
    for key, value in headers.items():
      self.add_header(key, value)
    if origin_req_host is None:
      origin_req_host = request_host(self)
    self.origin_req_host = origin_req_host
    self.unverifiable = unverifiable
    if method:
      self.method = method
  pass

# 请求地址url
url = "http://fanyi.youdao.com/translate?smartresult=dict&smartresult=rule"
 
# 请求头
request_headers = {
  'Host':'fanyi.youdao.com',
  "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.108 Safari/537.36",
}
 
# 发送给服务器的表单
form_data = {
  "i": word,
  "from": "AUTO",
  "to": "AUTO",
  "smartresult": "dict",
  "doctype": "json",
  "version": "2.1",
  "keyfrom": "fanyi.web",
  "action": "FY_BY_REALTIME",
  "typoResult": "false"
}
 
# POST发送的data必须为bytes或bytes类型的可迭代对象，不能是字符串
form_data = urllib.parse.urlencode(form_data).encode()
 
# 构造请求对象Request
req = urllib.request.Request(url, data=form_data, headers=request_headers)
 
# 发起请求
response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
data = response.read().decode()
print(data)