基于python SMTP实现自动发送邮件教程解析

class SendEmailManager(object):

  def __init__(self, **kwargs):
    # 初始化参数
    ...

  def _get_conf(self, key):
    # 获取配置参数
    ...

  def _init_conf(self):
    # 初始化配置参数
    ...

  def _login_email(self):
    # 登录邮箱服务器
    ...
  def _make_mail_msg(self):
    # 构建文本邮件对象
    ...

  def do_send_mail(self):
    # 邮件发送
    ...

# SMTP服务器,这里使用qq邮箱,其他邮箱自行百度
EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.qq.com'
# 发送邮件的代理邮箱
EMAIL_HOST_USER = 'xxxx@xxxx.com'
# 在邮箱中设置的客户端授权密码, 注意这里不是邮箱密码,如何获取邮箱授权码,请看本文最后教程
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = 'xxxxxxxxxxxxx'
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
  # 初始化参数
  self.email_host = EMAIL_HOST
  self.email_host_user = EMAIL_HOST_USER
  self.email_host_pass = EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD
  self.kwargs = kwargs

def _get_conf(self, key):
  # 获取配置参数
  value = self.kwargs.get(key)
  if key != "attach_file_list" and (value is None or value == ''):
    raise Exception("configuration parameter '%s' cannot be empty" % key)
  return value

def _init_conf(self):
  # 初始化配置参数
  print(self._get_conf('receives'))
  self.receives = self._get_conf('receives')
  self.msg_subject = self._get_conf('msg_subject')
  self.msg_content = self._get_conf('msg_content')
  self.msg_from = self._get_conf('msg_from')
  # attachment
  self.attach_file_list = self._get_conf('attach_file_list')

def _login_email(self):
  # 登录邮箱服务器
  try:
    server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.email_host, port=465)
    # set_debuglevel(1)可以打印出和SMTP服务器交互的所有信息
    server.set_debuglevel(1)
    # 登录邮箱
    server.login(self.email_host_user, self.email_host_pass)
    return server
  except Exception as e:
    print("mail login exception:", e)
    raise e

def _make_mail_msg(self):
  # 构建邮件对象
  msg = MIMEMultipart()
  msg.attach(MIMEText(self.msg_content, 'plain', 'utf-8'))
  # 邮件主题
  msg['Subject'] = Header(self.msg_subject, "utf-8")
  # 发件人邮箱信息
  msg['From'] = "<%s>" % self.msg_from
  # msg['From'] = Header(self.msg_from + "<%s>" % self.email_host_user, "utf-8")
  msg['To'] = ",".join(self.receives)
  print("---", self.attach_file_list)
  if self.attach_file_list:
    for i, att in enumerate(self.attach_file_list):
      # 构造附件，传送当前目录下的文件
      if not att:
        break
      att_i = MIMEText(open(att, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
      att_i["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
      # 这里的filename可以任意写，写什么名字，邮件中显示什么名字
      att_i["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="%s"' % att
      msg.attach(att_i)
  return msg

def do_send_mail(self):
  # 邮件发送
  try:
    self._init_conf()
    server = self._login_email()
    msg = self._make_mail_msg()
    server.sendmail(self.email_host_user, self.receives, msg.as_string())
    server.close()
    print("发送成功！")
  except Exception as e:
    print("邮件发送异常", e)

if __name__ == "__main__":
  mail_conf = {
    'msg_from': 'xxxx@qq.com', # 邮件发送者的地址
    'receives': ['xxxx@qq.com', 'xxxxxxxx@xxxx.com', ], # 邮件接收者的地址,这是个list，因为邮件的接收者可能不止一个
    'msg_subject': 'Python 自动发送邮件测试!!', # 邮件的主题
    'msg_content': '人生苦短,我用python!!!', # 邮件的内容
    'attach_file_list': {"test_file1.py": "test.py", "test_file2.pem": "./public.pem"}, # 为附件文件路径列表,也是个list，也可没有这项
  }

  manager = SendEmailManager(**mail_conf)
  manager.do_send_mail()