python获取linux和windows系统指定接口的IP地址的步骤及代码

import netifaces as ni
# import winreg as wr

# 将windows下的接口的名称和唯一ID一一对应存入字典并返回
def get_connection_name_from_guid(iface_guids):  
    wr = __import__('winreg', globals(), locals(), ['wr'])
    iface_dict = {}
    reg = wr.ConnectRegistry(None, wr.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE)
    reg_key = wr.OpenKey(reg, r'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Network\{4d36e972-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318}')

    for i in iface_guids:
        try:
            reg_subkey = wr.OpenKey(reg_key, i + r'\Connection')
            iface_dict[wr.QueryValueEx(reg_subkey, 'Name')[0]] = i
        except FileNotFoundError:
            pass
    return iface_dict

 # 根据输入的接口名称，返回唯一ID
def win_from_name_get_id(ifname): 
    x = ni.interfaces()
    return get_connection_name_from_guid(x).get(ifname)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    import platform

    if platform.system() == "Windows":
        print(win_from_name_get_id("WLAN"))

from netifaces import ifaddresses, AF_INET, AF_INET6
import platform

# 获取接口IPv4地址
def get_ip_address(ifname):
    if platform.system() == "Linux":
        try:
        	# AF_INET表示的是IPv4地址(AF_LINK则表示的是MAC地址)
            return ifaddresses(ifname)[AF_INET][0]['addr']
        except ValueError:
            return None
    elif platform.system() == "Windows":
    	# 需要首先调用win_from_name_get_id函数，获取接口的ID
        from win_ifname import win_from_name_get_id
        if_id = win_from_name_get_id(ifname)
        if not if_id:
            return
        else:
            return ifaddresses(if_id)[AF_INET][0]['addr']
    else:
        print('操作系统不支持,本脚本只能工作在Windows或者Linux环境!')

# 获取接口IPv6地址，和IPv4同理
def get_ipv6_address(ifname):
    if platform.system() == "Linux":
        try:
            return ifaddresses(ifname)[AF_INET6][0]['addr']
        except ValueError:
            return None
    elif platform.system() == "Windows":
        from win_ifname import win_from_name_get_id
        if_id = win_from_name_get_id(ifname)
        if not if_id:
            return
        else:
            # 此处依然要提供WIN的网卡ID, 而不是名字
            return ifaddresses(if_id)[AF_INET6][0]['addr']
    else:
        print('操作系统不支持,本脚本只能工作在Windows或者Linux环境!')


if __name__ == "__main__":
    if platform.system() == "Linux":
        print(get_ip_address('ens33'))
        print(get_ipv6_address('ens33'))
    elif platform.system() == "Windows":
        print(get_ip_address('WLAN'))
        print(get_ipv6_address('WLAN'))