Pytorch之如何dropout避免过拟合

import torch
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
N_SAMPLES = 20
N_HIDDEN = 300
# train数据
x = torch.unsqueeze(torch.linspace(-1, 1, N_SAMPLES), 1)
y = x + 0.3*torch.normal(torch.zeros(N_SAMPLES, 1), torch.ones(N_SAMPLES, 1))
# test数据
test_x = torch.unsqueeze(torch.linspace(-1, 1, N_SAMPLES), 1)
test_y = test_x + 0.3*torch.normal(torch.zeros(N_SAMPLES, 1), torch.ones(N_SAMPLES, 1))
# 可视化
plt.scatter(x.data.numpy(), y.data.numpy(), c='magenta', s=50, alpha=0.5, label='train')
plt.scatter(test_x.data.numpy(), test_y.data.numpy(), c='cyan', s=50, alpha=0.5, label='test')
plt.legend(loc='upper left')
plt.ylim((-2.5, 2.5))
plt.show()
# 网络一，未使用dropout正规化
net_overfitting = torch.nn.Sequential(
    torch.nn.Linear(1, N_HIDDEN),
    torch.nn.ReLU(),
    torch.nn.Linear(N_HIDDEN, N_HIDDEN),
    torch.nn.ReLU(),
    torch.nn.Linear(N_HIDDEN, 1),
)
# 网络二，使用dropout正规化
net_dropped = torch.nn.Sequential(
    torch.nn.Linear(1, N_HIDDEN),
    torch.nn.Dropout(0.5),  # 随机屏蔽50%的网络连接
    torch.nn.ReLU(),
    torch.nn.Linear(N_HIDDEN, N_HIDDEN),
    torch.nn.Dropout(0.5),  # 随机屏蔽50%的网络连接
    torch.nn.ReLU(),
    torch.nn.Linear(N_HIDDEN, 1),
)
# 选择优化器
optimizer_ofit = torch.optim.Adam(net_overfitting.parameters(), lr=0.01)
optimizer_drop = torch.optim.Adam(net_dropped.parameters(), lr=0.01)
# 选择计算误差的工具
loss_func = torch.nn.MSELoss()
plt.ion()
for t in range(500):
    # 神经网络训练数据的固定过程
    pred_ofit = net_overfitting(x)
    pred_drop = net_dropped(x)
    loss_ofit = loss_func(pred_ofit, y)
    loss_drop = loss_func(pred_drop, y)
    optimizer_ofit.zero_grad()
    optimizer_drop.zero_grad()
    loss_ofit.backward()
    loss_drop.backward()
    optimizer_ofit.step()
    optimizer_drop.step()
    if t % 10 == 0:
        # 脱离训练模式，这里便于展示神经网络的变化过程
        net_overfitting.eval()
        net_dropped.eval() 
        # 可视化
        plt.cla()
        test_pred_ofit = net_overfitting(test_x)
        test_pred_drop = net_dropped(test_x)
        plt.scatter(x.data.numpy(), y.data.numpy(), c='magenta', s=50, alpha=0.3, label='train')
        plt.scatter(test_x.data.numpy(), test_y.data.numpy(), c='cyan', s=50, alpha=0.3, label='test')
        plt.plot(test_x.data.numpy(), test_pred_ofit.data.numpy(), 'r-', lw=3, label='overfitting')
        plt.plot(test_x.data.numpy(), test_pred_drop.data.numpy(), 'b--', lw=3, label='dropout(50%)')
        plt.text(0, -1.2, 'overfitting loss=%.4f' % loss_func(test_pred_ofit, test_y).data.numpy(),
                 fontdict={'size': 20, 'color':  'red'})
        plt.text(0, -1.5, 'dropout loss=%.4f' % loss_func(test_pred_drop, test_y).data.numpy(),
                 fontdict={'size': 20, 'color': 'blue'})
        plt.legend(loc='upper left'); plt.ylim((-2.5, 2.5));plt.pause(0.1)
        # 重新进入训练模式，并继续上次训练
        net_overfitting.train()
        net_dropped.train()
plt.ioff()
plt.show()