Python抓取今日头条街拍图片数据
(1)抓取今日头条街拍图片
(2)分析今日头条街拍图片结构
keyword: 街拍 pd: atlas dvpf: pc aid: 4916 page_num: 1 search_json: {"from_search_id":"20220104115420010212192151532E8188","origin_keyword":"街拍","image_keyword":"街拍"} rawJSON: 1 search_id: 202201041159040101501341671A4749C4
可以找到规律,page_num从1开始累加,其他参数不变
(3)按功能不同编写不同方法组织代码
获取网页json格式数据
def get_page(page_num): global headers headers = { 'Host': 'so.toutiao.com', #'Referer': 'https://so.toutiao.com/search?keyword=%E8%A1%97%E6%8B%8D&pd=atlas&dvpf=pc&aid=4916&page_num=0&search_json={%22from_search_id%22:%22202112272022060101510440283EE83D67%22,%22origin_keyword%22:%22%E8%A1%97%E6%8B%8D%22,%22image_keyword%22:%22%E8%A1%97%E6%8B%8D%22}', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36', 'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest', 'Cookie': 'msToken=S0DFBkZ9hmyLOGYd3_QjhhXgrm38qTyOITnkNb0t_oavfbVxuYV1JZ0tT5hLgswSfmZLFD6c2lONm_5TomUQXVXjen7CIxM2AGwbhHRYKjhg; _S_DPR=1.5; _S_IPAD=0; MONITOR_WEB_ID=7046351002275317255; ttwid=1%7C0YdWalNdIiSpIk3CvvHwV25U8drq3QAj08E8QOApXhs%7C1640607595%7C720e971d353416921df127996ed708931b4ae28a0a8691a5466347697e581ce8; _S_WIN_WH=262_623' } params = { 'keyword': '街拍', 'pd': 'atlas', 'dvpf': 'pc', 'aid': '4916', 'page_num': page_num, 'search_json': '%7B%22from_search_id%22%3A%22202112272022060101510440283EE83D67%22%2C%22origin_keyword%22%3A%22%E8%A1%97%E6%8B%8D%22%2C%22image_keyword%22%3A%22%E8%A1%97%E6%8B%8D%22%7D', 'rawJSON': 1, 'search_id': '2021122721183101015104402851E3883D' } url = 'https://so.toutiao.com/search?' + urlencode(params) print(url) try: response=requests.get(url,headers=headers,params=params) if response.status_code == 200: #if response.content: #print(response.json()) return response.json() except requests.ConnectionError: return None
从json格式数据提取街拍图片
def get_images(json): images = json.get('rawData').get('data') for image in images: link = image.get('img_url') yield link
将街拍图片以其md5码命名并保存图片
实现一个保存图片的方法 save_image(),其中 item 就是前面 get_images() 方法返回的一个字典。在该方法中,首先根据 item 的 title 来创建文件夹,然后请求这个图片链接,获取图片的二进制数据,以二进制的形式写入文件。图片的名称可以使用其内容的 MD5 值,这样可以去除重复。相关代码如下:
def save_image(link): data = requests.get(link).content with open(f'./image/{md5(data).hexdigest()}.jpg', 'wb')as f:#使用data的md5码作为图片名 f.write(data)
main()调用其他函数
def main(page_num): json = get_page(page_num) for link in get_images(json): #print(link) save_image(link)
(4)抓取20page今日头条街拍图片数据
这里定义了分页的起始页数和终止页数,分别为 GROUP_START 和 GROUP_END,还利用了多线程的线程池,调用其 map() 方法实现多线程下载。
if __name__ == '__main__': GROUP_START = 1 GROUP_END = 20 pool = Pool() groups = ([x for x in range(GROUP_START, GROUP_END + 1)]) #print(groups) pool.map(main, groups) pool.close() pool.join()
import requests from urllib.parse import urlencode from hashlib import md5 from multiprocessing.pool import Pool def get_page(page_num): global headers headers = { 'Host': 'so.toutiao.com', #'Referer': 'https://so.toutiao.com/search?keyword=%E8%A1%97%E6%8B%8D&pd=atlas&dvpf=pc&aid=4916&page_num=0&search_json={%22from_search_id%22:%22202112272022060101510440283EE83D67%22,%22origin_keyword%22:%22%E8%A1%97%E6%8B%8D%22,%22image_keyword%22:%22%E8%A1%97%E6%8B%8D%22}', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36', 'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest', 'Cookie': 'msToken=S0DFBkZ9hmyLOGYd3_QjhhXgrm38qTyOITnkNb0t_oavfbVxuYV1JZ0tT5hLgswSfmZLFD6c2lONm_5TomUQXVXjen7CIxM2AGwbhHRYKjhg; _S_DPR=1.5; _S_IPAD=0; MONITOR_WEB_ID=7046351002275317255; ttwid=1%7C0YdWalNdIiSpIk3CvvHwV25U8drq3QAj08E8QOApXhs%7C1640607595%7C720e971d353416921df127996ed708931b4ae28a0a8691a5466347697e581ce8; _S_WIN_WH=262_623' } params = { 'keyword': '街拍', 'pd': 'atlas', 'dvpf': 'pc', 'aid': '4916', 'page_num': page_num, 'search_json': '%7B%22from_search_id%22%3A%22202112272022060101510440283EE83D67%22%2C%22origin_keyword%22%3A%22%E8%A1%97%E6%8B%8D%22%2C%22image_keyword%22%3A%22%E8%A1%97%E6%8B%8D%22%7D', 'rawJSON': 1, 'search_id': '2021122721183101015104402851E3883D' } url = 'https://so.toutiao.com/search?' + urlencode(params) print(url) try: response=requests.get(url,headers=headers,params=params) if response.status_code == 200: #if response.content: #print(response.json()) return response.json() except requests.ConnectionError: return None def get_images(json): images = json.get('rawData').get('data') for image in images: link = image.get('img_url') yield link def save_image(link): data = requests.get(link).content with open(f'./image/{md5(data).hexdigest()}.jpg', 'wb')as f:#使用data的md5码作为图片名 f.write(data) def main(page_num): json = get_page(page_num) for link in get_images(json): #print(link) save_image(link) if __name__ == '__main__': GROUP_START = 1 GROUP_END = 20 pool = Pool() groups = ([x for x in range(GROUP_START, GROUP_END + 1)]) #print(groups) pool.map(main, groups) pool.close() pool.join()
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