Python学习笔记之字典,元组,布尔类型和读写文件

things=["a","b","c","d"]   
print(things[1])   #只能用数字索引列表中的元素

things[1]="z"   #列表的替换
print(things[1])

things.remove("d")   #列表中删除元素

things

stuff={"name":"zed","age":39,"height":6*12+2}
print(stuff["name"])   #字典可用键索引值,键可以是字符串、也可以是数字
print(stuff["age"])
print(stuff["height"])

stuff["city"]="xiamen"  #字典中增加元素
stuff[1]="reading"      #键为数字
print(stuff["city"])
print(stuff[1])  

del stuff[1]  #字典中删除元素
del stuff["city"]
stuff

zed
39
74
xiamen
reading

{'name': 'zed', 'age': 39, 'height': 74}

# 创建一个州名和州的缩写的映射
states={
    "oregon":"or",
    "florida":"fl",
    "california":"ca",
    "newyork":"ny",
    "michigan":"mi"
}

# 创建州的缩写和对应州的城市的映射
cities={
    "ca":"san francisco",
    "mi":"detroit",
    "fl":"jacksonville"
}

#添加城市
cities["ny"]="new york"
cities["or"]="portland"

# 输出州的缩写
print("-"*10)
print("michigan's abbreviation is:",states["michigan"])  #个别州的缩写
print("florida's abbreviation is:",states["florida"])

print("-"*10)
for state,abbrev in list(states.items()):  #所有州的缩写，语法解释见下方注释1
    print(f"{state} is abbreviated {abbrev}.")

# 输出州对应的城市
print("-"*10)
print("florida has:",cities[states["florida"]])  #个别州对应的城市

print("-"*10)
for abbrev,city in list(cities.items()): # 所有州的缩写
    print(f"{abbrev} has city {city}.")

#同时输出州的缩写和州对应的城市
print("-"*10)
for state,abbrev in list(states.items()):
    print(f"{state} state is abbreviated {abbrev}, and has city {cities[abbrev]}.")
    
print("-"*10)
def abbrev(state):   #注释4，定义函数，输入州名，输出州名的简写
    abbrev=states.get(state)
    if not abbrev:   #注释3
        print(f"sorry,it's {abbrev}.")
    else:
        print(f"{state} state is abbreviated {abbrev}.")

abbrev("florida")
abbrev("texas")

print("-"*10,"method 1")
city=cities.get("TX","Doesn't exist")
print(f"the city for the state 'TX' is:{city}.")  #注意'TX'需用单引号

print("-"*10,"method 2")  #定义函数，输入州名，输出州所在的城市
def city(state):
    city=cities.get(states.get(state))
    if not city:
        print(f"sorry,doesn't exist.")
    else:
        print(f"the city for the state {state} is:{city}.")
        
city("texas")
city("florida")

----------
michigan's abbreviation is: mi
florida's abbreviation is: fl
----------
oregon is abbreviated or.
florida is abbreviated fl.
california is abbreviated ca.
newyork is abbreviated ny.
michigan is abbreviated mi.
----------
florida has: jacksonville
----------
ca has city san francisco.
mi has city detroit.
fl has city jacksonville.
ny has city new york.
or has city portland.
----------
oregon state is abbreviated or, and has city portland.
florida state is abbreviated fl, and has city jacksonville.
california state is abbreviated ca, and has city san francisco.
newyork state is abbreviated ny, and has city new york.
michigan state is abbreviated mi, and has city detroit.
----------
florida state is abbreviated fl.
sorry,it's None.
---------- method 1
the city for the state 'TX' is:Doesn't exist.
---------- method 2
sorry,doesn't exist.
the city for the state florida is:jacksonville.

sx={
    "广东":"粤",
    "福建":"闽",
    "江西":"赣",
    "安徽":"皖"
}

sx["云南"]="滇"
sx["贵州"]="黔"

#定义函数，输入省份，输出省份缩写

def suoxie(province):
    suoxie=sx.get(province)
    if not suoxie:
        print(f"对不起，我还没在系统输入{province}省的缩写。")
    else:
        print(f"{province}省的缩写是：{suoxie}")

suoxie("广东")
suoxie("黑龙江")

广东省的缩写是：粤
对不起，我还没在系统输入黑龙江省的缩写。

tuple=('runoob',786,2.23,'john',70.2)
tinytuple=(123,'john')

print(tuple[1:3])  #和list类似
print(tuple*2)
print(tuple+tinytuple)

(786, 2.23)
('runoob', 786, 2.23, 'john', 70.2, 'runoob', 786, 2.23, 'john', 70.2)
('runoob', 786, 2.23, 'john', 70.2, 123, 'john')

tuple=('runoob',786,2.23,'john',70.2)
tuple[2]=1000
print(tuple)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-7-ae7d4b682735> in <module>
      1 tuple=('runoob',786,2.23,'john',70.2)
----> 2 tuple[2]=1000
      3 print(tuple)


TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment

True and True  #与运算

1==1 and 1==2

1==1 or 2!=1  # 或运算，!=表示不等于

not (True and False)   # 非运算

not (1==1 and 0!=1)

from sys import argv  #引入sys的部分模块argv（参数变量）

filename = "C:\\Users\\janline\\Desktop\\test\\euler笨办法学python"   #给自己新建的文件命名，注意文件地址要补双杠

print(f"we're going to erase {filename}.")  #格式化变量filename，并打印出来
print("if you don't want that, hit ctrl-c(^c).")
print("if you do want, hit return. ")

input("?")  # 输出"?"，并出现输入框

print("opening the file...")
target=open(filename,'w')   # w表示以写的模式打开，r表示以读的模式打开，a表示增补模式，w+表示以读和写的方式打开，open（filename）默认只读

print("truncating the file. Goodbye!")
target.truncate()   #在变量target后面调用truncate函数(清空文件)

print("now I'm going to ask you for three lines.")

line1=input("line 1: ")   #输出"line1:",接收输入内容并存入变量line1中
line2=input("line 2: ")
line3=input("line 3: ") 

print("I'm going to write these to the file.")

target.write(line1)   ##在变量target后面调用write函数,写入变量line1中的内容，注意写入的内容需是英文
target.write("\n")  #  \n换行
target.write(line2)
target.write("\n")
target.write(line3)
target.write("\n")

print("and finally, we close it.")
target.close()   #在变量target后面调用close函数，关闭文件

we're going to erase C:\Users\janline\Desktop\test\euler笨办法学python.
if you don't want that, hit ctrl-c(^c).
if you do want, hit return. 
?return
opening the file...
truncating the file. Goodbye!
now I'm going to ask you for three lines.
line 1: address name should be double slacked
line 2: see clearly for what problem happened
line 3: look for answers by searching
I'm going to write these to the file.
and finally, we close it.

filename="C:\\Users\\janline\\Desktop\\test\\笨办法学python\\test.txt"

txt=open(filename,'w+')

print("Let's read the file")
print("Let's write the file")

line1=input("line1: ")
line2=input("line2: ")

print("Let's write these in the file")
print("\n") 

txt.write(line1)
txt.write("\n")
txt.write(line2)
txt.write("\n")

print(txt.read())

txt.close()

Let's read the file
Let's write the file
line1: read and write file are complicated
line2: come on, it's been finished!
Let's write these in the file

from sys import argv  #引入sys的部分模块argv（参数变量）

filename = "C:\\Users\\janline\\Desktop\\test\\euler笨办法学python"   #给自己新建的文件命名，注意文件地址要补双杠

print(f"we're going to erase {filename}.")  #格式化变量filename，并打印出来
print("if you don't want that, hit ctrl-c(^c).")
print("if you do want, hit return. ")

input("?")  # 输出"?"，并出现输入框

print("opening the file...")
target=open(filename,'w')   # w表示以写的模式打开，r表示以读的模式打开，a表示增补模式，w+表示以读和写的方式打开，open（filename）默认只读

print("truncating the file. Goodbye!")
target.truncate()   #在变量target后面调用truncate函数(清空文件)

print("now I'm going to ask you for three lines.")

line1=input("line 1: ")   #输出"line1:",接收输入内容并存入变量line1中
line2=input("line 2: ")
line3=input("line 3: ") 

print("I'm going to write these to the file.")

target.write(line1+"\n"+line2+"\n"+line3+"\n")   #见注释

print("and finally, we close it.")
target.close()   #在变量target后面调用close函数，关闭文件

we're going to erase C:\Users\janline\Desktop\test\euler笨办法学python.
if you don't want that, hit ctrl-c(^c).
if you do want, hit return. 
?return
opening the file...
truncating the file. Goodbye!
now I'm going to ask you for three lines.
line 1: 1
line 2: 2
line 3: 3
I'm going to write these to the file.
and finally, we close it.