详解Go语言中的数据类型及类型转换

//数据类型
func test_data() {
	var a bool
	var b int16
	var c uint64 = 1231254353452
	var d float32 = 1.78
	fmt.Println(a)
	fmt.Println(b)
	fmt.Println(c)
	fmt.Println(d)
	fmt.Println("int8范围:", math.MinInt8, math.MaxInt8)
	fmt.Println("uint8范围:", math.MaxUint8)
}

//数据类型转换
func test_convert() {
	var num int = 10
	var num1 float32 = float32(num)
	var num2 float64 = float64(num)
	fmt.Printf("num类型为%T,num1类型为%T,num2类型为%T\n", num, num1, num2)
}

//基础数据类型转为string
func test_convert_string() {
	var a int = 10
	var b float64 = 1.8
	var c bool = true
	var d byte = 'd'
	var e uint64 = 8
	var str string
	fmt.Println(str + "a")
	str = fmt.Sprintf("%d", a)
	fmt.Printf("str类型为%T,str=%v\n", str, str)
	str = fmt.Sprintf("%f", b)
	fmt.Printf("str类型为%T,str=%v\n", str, str)
	str = fmt.Sprintf("%t", c)
	fmt.Printf("str类型为%T,str=%v\n", str, str)
	str = fmt.Sprintf("%c", d)
	fmt.Printf("str类型为%T,str=%v\n", str, str)
	str = fmt.Sprintf("%b", e)
	fmt.Printf("str类型为%T,str=%v\n", str, str)
}

//strconv的使用
func test_strconv() {
	var i int = 10
	var x int = 999
	var f float64 = 1.8
	var t bool = false
	var z int = 97
	var str string
	// 十进制int
	str = strconv.FormatInt(int64(i), 10)
	fmt.Printf("str类型为%T,str=%v\n", str, str)
	//十六进制int
	str = strconv.FormatInt(int64(x), 16)
	fmt.Printf("str类型为%T,str=%v\n", str, str)
	//浮点型，f表示格式，3表示位数，64表示转换成float64
	str = strconv.FormatFloat(float64(f), 'f', 3, 64)
	fmt.Printf("str类型为%T,str=%v\n", str, str)
	//布尔类型
	str = strconv.FormatBool(t)
	fmt.Printf("str类型为%T,str=%v\n", str, str)
	//string函数和strconv.itoa区别
	var str1 = strconv.Itoa(z)
	var str2 = string(z)
	fmt.Printf("str1类型为%T,str1=%v\n", str1, str1)
	fmt.Printf("str2类型为%T,str2=%v\n", str2, str2)
}

//字符串转为基础类型
func test_string_convert() {
	var str string = "true"
	b, _ := strconv.ParseBool(str)
	fmt.Printf("b类型为%T,b=%v\n", b, b)
 
	str = "111"
	// 默认返回int64
	i, _ := strconv.ParseInt(str, 10, 64)
	fmt.Printf("i类型为%T,i=%v\n", i, i)
 
	str = "1.908"
	f, _ := strconv.ParseFloat(str, 64)
	fmt.Printf("f类型为%T,f=%v\n", f, f)
 
	str = "abc"
	c, c1 := strconv.ParseInt(str, 10, 64)
	fmt.Printf("c类型为%T,c=%v\n", c, c)
	fmt.Printf("c1类型为%T,c1=%v\n", c1, c1)
}