Python绘制多因子柱状图的实现示例

#
# 导入相应的库(包)
import numpy as np     # 生成数据的包
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt    #作图的包

# 生成一组数据
x = np.arange(5)
y = [1, 5, 2, 3, 7]
y1 = [4, 6, 3, 5, 9]

print(x,y,y1)

###
plt.bar(# 设置x和y
        x,y,   

        # 设置柱子宽度 
       width=0.3,        
        
        # 设置柱子颜色
       color = "red",         
        
        # 设置legend的名称
       label = "y")    

plt.bar(x+0.3,y1,
        width = 0.3,
        color = "green",
        label = "y1")

# 设置x轴tick的位置
plt.xticks(x+0.3/2,x) 

# 显示legend  
plt.legend()            

# 设置x的标签
plt.xlabel(# x标签的名称
          "x_names",   
           
           # x标签的字体大小
          size = 12,   
           
           # x标签的字体颜色
          color = "blue") 

plt.ylabel("y_names",
           size = 12,
           color = "blue")

# y轴的范围（x轴的范围只需要将y变为x即可）
plt.ylim(0,10)

# 显示图形
plt.show()

# 增加一列数据
y2 = [5,3,7,9,6]

plt.bar(x,y,
        width=0.3,
        color = "red",
        label = "y")
plt.bar(x+0.3,y1,
        width = 0.3,
        color = "green",
        label = "y1")

# 新增绘图部分
plt.bar(x+0.6,y2,
        width = 0.3,
        color = "blue",
        label = "y1")

# 需要更改的部分
plt.xticks(x+0.6/2,x) 
plt.legend()         

plt.xlabel("x_names", 
           size = 12,
           color = "blue") 

plt.ylabel("y_names",
           size = 12,
           color = "blue")
plt.ylim(0,10)
plt.show()

plt.bar(x,y,
        width=0.28,
        color = "red",
        label = "y",
        # 填充形状
       hatch = "//")
plt.bar(x+0.3,y1,
        width = 0.28,
        color = "green",
        label = "y1",
        # 填充形状
       hatch = ".")

plt.bar(x+0.6,y2,
        width = 0.28,
        color = "blue",
        label = "y1",
        # 填充形状
       hatch = "-")

plt.xticks(x+0.6/2,x) 
plt.legend()         

plt.xlabel("x_names", 
           size = 12,
           color = "blue") 

plt.ylabel("y_names",
           size = 12,
           color = "blue")
plt.ylim(0,10)
plt.show()