写给前端的nginx配置指南基于docker所有配置秒级运行(最新讲解)

version: "3"
services:
  # 关于 nginx 最常见配置的学习
  nginx:
    image: nginx:alpine
    ports:
      - 8080:80
    volumes:
      - ./nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
      - .:/usr/share/nginx/html
  # 关于 location 的学习
  location: ...
  # 关于 location 匹配顺序的学习
  order1: ...

$ docker-compose up <service>
# 学习 nginx 最基础的配置
$ docker-compose up nginx
# 学习关于 location 的配置
$ docker-compose up location

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  localhost;
    root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    index  index.html index.htm;
}

location [ = | ~ | ~* | ^~ ] uri { ... }

add_header X-Config B;

$ docker-compose up location2 api

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  localhost;
    root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    index  index.html index.htm;
    # 通用匹配，所有 /xxx 任意路径都会匹配其中的规则
    location / {
        add_header X-Config A;
        try_files  $uri $uri.html $uri/index.html /index.html;
    }
    # http://localhost:8120/test1           ok
    # http://localhost:8120/test1/          ok
    # http://localhost:8120/test18          ok
    # http://localhost:8120/test28          not ok
    location /test1 {
        # 可通过查看响应头来判断是否成功返回
        add_header X-Config B;
        proxy_pass http://api:3000;
    }
    # http://localhost:8120/test2           ok
    # http://localhost:8120/test2/          not ok
    # http://localhost:8120/test28          not ok
    location = /test2 {
        add_header X-Config C;
        proxy_pass http://api:3000;
    }
    # http://localhost:8120/test3           ok
    # http://localhost:8120/test3/          ok
    # http://localhost:8120/test38          ok
    # http://localhost:8120/hellotest3      ok
    location ~ .*test3.* {
        add_header X-Config D;
        proxy_pass http://api:3000;
    }
    # http://localhost:8120/test4           ok
    # http://localhost:8120/test4/          ok
    # http://localhost:8120/test48          ok
    # http://localhost:8120/test28          not ok
    location ^~ /test4 {
        # 可通过查看响应头来判断是否成功返回
        add_header X-Config E;
        proxy_pass http://api:3000;
    }
}

# 以下配置，访问以下链接，其 X-Config 为多少
#
# http://localhost:8210/shanyue，为 B，若都是前缀匹配，则找到最长匹配的 location
server {
    root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    # 主要是为了 shanyue 该路径，因为没有后缀名，无法确认其 content-type，会自动下载
    # 因此这里采用 text/plain，则不会自动下载
    default_type text/plain;
    location ^~ /shan {
        add_header X-Config A;
    }
    location ^~ /shanyue {
        add_header X-Config B;
    }
}

$ docker-compose up order1

# 查看其 X-Config 为 B
$ curl --head http://localhost:8210/shanyue
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.21.4
Date: Fri, 03 Jun 2022 10:15:11 GMT
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 15
Last-Modified: Thu, 02 Jun 2022 12:44:23 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "6298b0a7-f"
X-Config: B
Accept-Ranges: bytes

# 不含 URI
proxy_pass http://api:3000;
# 含 URI
proxy_pass http://api:3000/;
proxy_pass http://api:3000/api;
proxy_pass http://api:3000/api/;

location /api3 {
    add_header X-Config C;
    # http://localhost:8300/api3/hello -> proxy:3000/hello/hello
    proxy_pass http://api:3000/hello;
}

$ docker-compose up proxy api

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  localhost;
    root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    index  index.html index.htm;
    # 建议使用此种 proxy_pass 不加 URI 的写法，原样路径即可
    # http://localhost:8300/api1/hello -> proxy:3000/api1/hello
    location /api1 {
        # 可通过查看响应头来判断是否成功返回
        add_header X-Config A;
        proxy_pass http://api:3000;
    }
    # http://localhost:8300/api2/hello -> proxy:3000/hello
    location /api2/ {
        add_header X-Config B;
        proxy_pass http://api:3000/;
    }
    # http://localhost:8300/api3/hello -> proxy:3000/hello/hello
    location /api3 {
        add_header X-Config C;
        proxy_pass http://api:3000/hello;
    }
    # http://localhost:8300/api4/hello -> proxy:3000//hello
    location /api4 {
        add_header X-Config D;
        proxy_pass http://api:3000/;
    }
}

location /static {
    add_header Cache-Control max-age=31536000;
}

location /api {
    add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;
}
复制代码

location / {
    listen 443 ssl;
    add_header Strict-Transport-Security max-age=7200;
}

location / {
    add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self';";
}