使用matplotlib绘制并排柱状图的实战案例

import pandas as pd
school_num = pd.DataFrame(pd.read_excel('./小初高学校个数.xlsx'))
people_num = pd.DataFrame(pd.read_excel('./2020人口普查数据.xlsx'))

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib as mpl
import numpy as np
 
# 中文和正负号设置
mpl.rcParams["font.sans-serif"] = ["SimHei"]
mpl.rcParams["axes.unicode_minus"] = False
 
x = np.arange(8)
bar_width = 0.3
tick_label = school_num['城市']
plt.figure(figsize=(13,7))
# 柱状
plt.bar(x, school_num['小学'], bar_width, align="center", color="#2bb179", label='小学', alpha=0.5)
plt.bar(x+bar_width, school_num['初中'], bar_width, color="b", align="center", label="初中", alpha=0.5)
plt.bar(x+bar_width*2, school_num['高中'], bar_width, color="orange", align="center", label="高中", alpha=0.5)
# 折线
plt.plot(x+bar_width, people_num['人数-万'], color="#ff796c", marker='o', lw=2,label='人口普查数(万)')
 
text_x = [x,x+bar_width,x+bar_width*2]
text_x = [text_x[i][j]  for i in range(3) for j in range(8) ]
text_y = [school_num['小学'],school_num['初中'],school_num['高中']]
text_y = [text_y[i][j]  for i in range(3) for j in range(8) ]
plt.xticks(x+bar_width, tick_label,fontsize=18)
plt.yticks(fontsize=18)
plt.xlabel("城市",fontsize=20)
plt.ylabel("学校数量",fontsize=20)
plt.legend(fontsize=16)
plt.grid()
 
# 柱型加数字
for x,y,text in zip(text_x,text_y,text_y):
    plt.text(x-0.12,y+15,str(text),fontsize=12)
 
# plt.savefig(r'./并排柱状图示例.png')