教你用python从日期中获取年、月、日和星期等30种信息

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import datetime

df = pd.read_excel('./日期问题.xlsx')
#　将日期列转成日期格式
df['日期'] = pd.to_datetime(df['日期'])   

# 转年月日格式(字符串文本)
df['年月日'] = df['日期'].apply(lambda x: x.strftime('%Y%m%d'))
df['年']=df['日期'].dt.year  
df['季度']=df['日期'].dt.quarter
df['月']=df['日期'].dt.month
df['日']=df['日期'].dt.day   
df['星期几']=df['日期'].dt.dayofweek
df['周次']=df['日期'].dt.week
df['时']=df['日期'].dt.hour
df['分']=df['日期'].dt.minute
df['秒']=df['日期'].dt.second

df['一年中的第几天']=df['日期'].dt.dayofyear
df['一天中的第几分钟']=df['日期'].apply(lambda x: x.minute + x.hour*60) 
df['一天中的第几个10分钟'] = df['时'] * 6 + df['分'] // 10
df['数值'] = df["日期"].values.astype(np.int64) // 10 ** 9
# 转年月(数值)
df['年月'] = df['日期'].dt.year * 100 + df['日期'].dt.month  

df['是否闰年'] = df['日期'].apply(lambda x: x.is_leap_year) # 是否闰年
df['是否月初'] = df['日期'].apply(lambda x: x.is_month_start) # 是否月初
df['是否月末'] = df['日期'].apply(lambda x: x.is_month_end)   # 月末
df['是否季节初'] = df['日期'].apply(lambda x: x.is_quarter_start)  # 季度初
df['是否季节末'] = df['日期'].apply(lambda x: x.is_quarter_end) # 季度末
df['是否年初'] = df['日期'].apply(lambda x: x.is_year_start)  # 年初
df['是否年尾'] = df['日期'].apply(lambda x: x.is_year_end)  # 年内末
df['是否周末'] = df['日期'].apply(lambda x: True if x.dayofweek in [5, 6] else False)  # 是否周末
df.loc[((df['时'] >= 8) & (df['时'] < 22)), '是否营业时间'] = True

period_dict ={
    23: '深夜', 0: '深夜', 1: '深夜',
    2: '凌晨', 3: '凌晨', 4: '凌晨',
    5: '早晨', 6: '早晨', 7: '早晨',
    8: '上午', 9: '上午', 10: '上午', 11: '上午',
    12: '中午', 13: '中午',
    14: '下午', 15: '下午', 16: '下午', 17: '下午',
    18: '傍晚',
    19: '晚上', 20: '晚上', 21: '晚上', 22: '晚上',
}
df['时间段']=df['时'].map(period_dict)
# 一年中的哪个季度
season_dict = {
    1: '春季', 2: '春季', 3: '春季',
    4: '夏季', 5: '夏季', 6: '夏季',
    7: '秋季', 8: '秋季', 9: '秋季',
    10: '冬季', 11: '冬季', 12: '冬季',
}
df['季节']=df['月'].map(season_dict)

time_features = ['year', 'month', 'quarter', 'week', 'day', 'dayofweek', 'dayofyear']
dtype = np.int16
for time_feature in time_features:
    df[time_feature] = getattr(df['日期'].dt, time_feature).astype(dtype)

# 设置初始的时间
base_time = datetime.datetime.strptime('2021-06-01', '%Y-%m-%d')
# 计算时间差
df['时间差'] = df['日期'].apply(lambda x: x-base_time).dt.days   
# 距离今天天数 
df['间隔天数'] = list(map(lambda x: x.days, pd.to_datetime('today') - df['日期']))

import time
from datetime import datetime, date, timedelta
 
# 当前日期
now_date = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime())
print("now_date: {}".format(now_date))
 
# 当前时间的年月日
year = datetime.now().year
month = datetime.now().month
day = datetime.now().day
 
print(f"year: {year}, month: {month}, day: {day}")
 
# 昨天
month_yesterday = (date.today() + timedelta(days=-1)).month
day_yesterday = (date.today() + timedelta(days=-1)).day
 
print(f"month_yesterday: {month_yesterday}, day_yesterday: {day_yesterday}")