Python中类的mro与继承关系详解

class Animal:
    pass

animal = Animal()

class Animal:
    property_ = '能够思考'

    def __init__(self, name, age, value):
        self.name_ = name
        self.age_ = age
        self.val_ = val

print(Animal.property_)  # 输出：能够思考
print(Animal.name_)   # 引发AttributeError错误

a = Animal('阿黑', 12, 70)
print(a.property_)  # 能够思考
print(a.name_)  # 阿黑
print(a.age_)  # 12
print(a.val_)  # 70
复制代码

class Monkey(Animal):
    pass

print(Monkey.property_)  # 类属性： 能够思考

m = Monkey('阿黄', 15, 40)
print(m.name_)  # 阿黄
print(m.age_)  # 15
print(m.val_)  # 40

class Cat(Animal):

    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name_ = '我是' + name
        self.age_ = age

print(Cat.property_)  # 类属性：能够思考

c = Cat('小花', 6)
print(c.name_)  # 我是小花
print(c.age_)  # 6
print(c.val_)  # 引发AttributeError报错

class Fish(Animal):

    def __init__(self, name, age, val, env):
        super().__init__(name, age, val)
        self.env_ = env

f = Fish('小鲤', 2, 57, '水里')
print(f.env_)  # 水里

Animal.mro()
# [__main__.Animal, object]

Monkey.mro()
# [__main__.Monkey, __main__.Animal, object]

Cat.mro()
# [__main__.Cat, __main__.Animal, object]

Fish.mro()
# [__main__.Fish, __main__.Animal, object]