Python Flask实现图片验证码与邮箱验证码流程详细讲解

import random
import string
from io import BytesIO
from PIL import Image, ImageFont, ImageDraw
class ImageCode:
    def rand_color(self):
        """生成用于绘制字符串的随机颜色(可以随意指定0-255之间的数字)"""
        red = random.randint(32, 200)
        green = random.randint(22, 255)
        blue = random.randint(0, 200)
        return red, green, blue
    def gen_text(self):
        """生成4位随机字符串"""
        # sample 用于从一个大的列表或字符串中，随机取得N个字符，来构建出一个子列表
        list = random.sample(string.ascii_letters, 5)
        return ''.join(list)
    def draw_verify_code(self):
        """绘制验证码图片"""
        code = self.gen_text()
        width, height = 120, 50  # 设定图片大小，可根据实际需求调整
        im = Image.new('RGB', (width, height), 'white')  # 创建图片对象，并设定背景色为白色
        font = ImageFont.truetype(font='arial.ttf', size=40)  # 选择使用何种字体及字体大小
        draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)  # 新建ImageDraw对象
        # 绘制字符串
        for i in range(4):
            draw.text((5 + random.randint(-3, 3) + 23 * i, 5 + random.randint(-3, 3)),
                      text=code[i], fill=self.rand_color(), font=font)
        im.show()

ImageCode().draw_verify_code()

def draw_lines(self, draw, num, width, height):
    """
    绘制干扰线
    :param draw: 图片对象
    :param num: 干扰线数量
    :param width: 图片的宽
    :param height: 图片的高
    :return:
    """
    for num in range(num):
        x1 = random.randint(0, width / 2)
        y1 = random.randint(0, height / 2)
        x2 = random.randint(0, width)
        y2 = random.randint(height / 2, height)
        draw.line(((x1, y1), (x2, y2)), fill='black', width=2)

def draw_verify_code(self):
    """绘制验证码图片"""
    code = self.gen_text()
    width, height = 120, 50  # 设定图片大小，可根据实际需求调整
    im = Image.new('RGB', (width, height), 'white')  # 创建图片对象，并设定背景色为白色
    font = ImageFont.truetype(font='arial.ttf', size=40)  # 选择使用何种字体及字体大小
    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)  # 新建ImageDraw对象
    # 绘制字符串
    for i in range(4):
        draw.text((5 + random.randint(-3, 3) + 23 * i, 5 + random.randint(-3, 3)),text=code[i], fill=self.rand_color(), font=font)
    self.draw_lines(draw, 4, width, height)  # 绘制干扰线
    im.show()

def draw_verify_code(self):
    """绘制验证码图片"""
    code = self.gen_text()
    width, height = 120, 50  # 设定图片大小，可根据实际需求调整
    im = Image.new('RGB', (width, height), 'white')  # 创建图片对象，并设定背景色为白色
    font = ImageFont.truetype(font='arial.ttf', size=40)  # 选择使用何种字体及字体大小
    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)  # 新建ImageDraw对象
    # 绘制字符串
    for i in range(4):
        draw.text((5 + random.randint(-3, 3) + 23 * i, 5 +random.randint(-3, 3)), text=code[i], fill=self.rand_color(), font=font)
        self.draw_lines(draw, 4, width, height)  # 绘制干扰线
    # im.show()  # 如需临时调试，可以直接将生成的图片显示出来
    return im, code

from flask import Blueprint, make_response, session
from common.utility import ImageCode
from module.users import Users
user = Blueprint('user', __name__)
@user.route('/vcode')
def vcode():
    code, bstring = ImageCode().get_code()
    response = make_response(bstring)
    response.headers['Content-Type'] = 'image/jpeg'
    session['vcode'] = code.lower()
    return response

if __name__ == '__main__':
    from controller.user import *
    app.register_blueprint(user)
    app.run(debug=True)  # 使项目已debug方式运行

<img src="/vcode" style="cursor:pointer;"/>

<img src="/vcode" id="loginvcode" class="col-3" style="cursor:pointer;" onclick="this.src='/vcode?'+Math.random()"/>

from smtplib import SMTP_SSL
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
def send_email(self, receiver, ecode):
    """发送邮件"""
    sender = 'XXX <xxxxxxxxx@qq.com>'  # 邮箱账号和发件者签名
    # 定义发送邮件的内容，支持HTML和CSS样式
    content = f"您的邮箱验证码为：<span style='color: red; font-size: 20px;'>{ecode}</span>" 
    message = MIMEText(content, 'html', 'utf-8')  # 实例化邮件对象，并指定邮件的关键信息
    # 指定邮件的标题，同样使用utf-8编码
    message['Subject'] = Header('验证码', 'utf-8')
    message['From'] = sender
    message['To'] = receiver
    smtpObj = SMTP_SSL('smtp.qq.com')  # QQ邮件服务器的链接
    smtpObj.login(user='xxxxxxxxx@qq.com', password='授权码')  # 通过自己的邮箱账号和获取到的授权码登录QQ邮箱
    # 指定发件人、收件人和邮件内容
    smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receiver, str(message))
    smtpObj.quit()
def gen_email_code(self):
    str = random.sample(string.ascii_letters + string.digits, 6)
    return ''.join(str)

@user.route('/ecode', methods=['POST'])
def ecode():
    email = request.form.get('email')
	# 对邮箱进行格式校验
    if not re.match('^.+\\@(\\[?)[a-zA-Z0-9\\-\\.]+\\.([a-zA-Z]{2,3}|[0-9]{1,3})(\\]?)$', email):
        return 'email-invalid'
    code = gen_email_code()
    try:
        send_email(email, code)
        session['ecode'] = code  # 将邮箱验证码保存在session中
        return 'send-pass'
    except:
        return 'send-fail'