django+celery+RabbitMQ自定义多个消息队列的实现

from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals
import os
from celery import Celery
from kombu import Exchange, Queue

# set the default Django settings module for the 'celery' program.
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'zkcelery.settings')

app = Celery('zkcelery')

# Using a string here means the worker doesn't have to serialize
# the configuration object to child processes.
# - namespace='CELERY' means all celery-related configuration keys
#   should have a `CELERY_` prefix.
app.config_from_object('django.conf:settings', namespace='CELERY')

# Load task modules from all registered Django app configs.
app.autodiscover_tasks()

# 看了一篇文章说，如果使用redis做broker，exchange可以不配置；但如果使用rabbitMQ做broker，就必须要配置。
queue = (
    Queue('default', exchange=Exchange('default', type='direct'), routing_key='default'),
    Queue('q1', exchange=Exchange('e1', type='direct'), routing_key='r1'),
    Queue('q2', exchange=Exchange('e2', type='direct'), routing_key='r2'),
    Queue('q3', exchange=Exchange('e3', type='fanout'), routing_key='r3'),
)

# 一旦配置了route后，所有的任务名都必须要指定route，否则任务无法执行。
# 经过测试，route匹配是最长匹配规则。
route = {
    'apps.zhiding.tasks.add': {'queue': 'q1', 'routing_key': 'r1'},
    'apps.zhiding.tasks.multiply': {'queue': 'q2', 'routing_key': 'r2'},
    # 其它的任务名称，匹配这条路由
    # 如果以上队列的worker服务器坏了，这些任务会被全部放进这个队列里，该队列的worker将继续处理这些任务
    # 下面这条队列一定要配置，否则其它任务无法处理。
    '*': {'queue': 'default', 'routing_key': 'default'},
}
app.conf.update(CELERY_QUEUES=queue, CELERY_ROUTES=route)

from celery import shared_task
import time


@shared_task
def add(x, y):
    time.sleep(2)
    print('任务睡眠2秒后执行了')
    return x + y


@shared_task
def multiply(x, y):
    time.sleep(5)
    print('任务睡眠5秒后执行了')
    return x * y


@shared_task
def sub(x, y):
    time.sleep(4)
    print('任务睡眠4秒后执行了')
    return x - y

CELERY_QUEUES = (
    Queue('default', exchange=Exchange('default', type='direct'), routing_key='default'),
    Queue('sq1', exchange=Exchange('sq1', type='direct'), routing_key='sq1'),
    Queue('sq2', exchange=Exchange('sq2', type='direct'), routing_key='sq2'),
    Queue('sq3', exchange=Exchange('sq3', type='fanout'), routing_key='sq3'),
)
CELERY_ROUTES = {
    'apps.zhiding.tasks.add': {'queue': 'sq1', 'routing_key': 'sq1'},
    'apps.zhiding.tasks.multiply': {'queue': 'sq2', 'routing_key': 'sq2'},
    '*': {'queue': 'default', 'routing_key': 'default'},
}

# 笔者使用的windows，启动时需要加上-P eventlet
celery -A zkcelery worker -l info -P eventlet

# -Q指定消费的队列
# -n 指定worker节点的名称，避免启动多个时的重名冲突
celery -A zkcelery worker -l info -Q q1 -n node1 -P eventlet

celery -A zkcelery worker -l info -Q q2,default -n node2 -P eventlet