Python中类和对象的绑定及非绑定方法详解

class Person:
    country = "China"

    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def speak(self):
        print(self.name + ', ' + str(self.age))


p = Person('Kitty', 18)
print(p.__dict__)

{'name': 'Kitty', 'age': 18}

print(Person.__dict__['speak'])
<function Person.speak at 0x10f0dd268>

p = Person('Kitty', 18)
p.speak()  # 通过对象调用
#输出
Kitty, 18

Person.speak(p)  # 通过类调用
#输出
Kitty, 18

class Operate_database():
    host = '192.168.0.5'
    port = '3306'
    user = 'abc'
    password = '123456'

    @classmethod
    def connect(cls):  # 约定俗成第一个参数名为cls，也可以定义为其他参数名
        print(cls)
        print(cls.host + ':' + cls.port + ' ' + cls.user + '/' + cls.password)


Operate_database.connect()

Operate_database().connect()  # 输出结果一致

#输出
<class '__main__.Operate_database'>
192.168.0.5:3306 abc/123456

import hashlib


class Operate_database():
    def __init__(self, host, port, user, password):
        self.host = host
        self.port = port
        self.user = user
        self.password = password

    @staticmethod
    def get_passwrod(salt, password):
        m = hashlib.md5(salt.encode('utf-8'))  # 加盐处理
        m.update(password.encode('utf-8'))
        return m.hexdigest()


hash_password = Operate_database.get_passwrod('lala', '123456')  # 通过类来调用
print(hash_password)

#输出
f7a1cc409ed6f51058c2b4a94a7e1956

p = Operate_database('192.168.0.5', '3306', 'abc', '123456')
hash_password = p.get_passwrod(p.user, p.password)  # 也可以通过对象调用
print(hash_password)
#输出
0659c7992e268962384eb17fafe88364

# settings.py
IP = '1.1.1.10'
PORT = 3306
NET = 27

# test.py
import uuid


class Mysql:
    def __init__(self, ip, port, net):
        self.uid = self.create_uid()
        self.ip = ip
        self.port = port
        self.net = net

    def tell_info(self):
        """查看ip地址和端口号"""
        print('%s:%s' % (self.ip, self.port))

    @classmethod
    def from_conf(cls):
        return cls(IP, NET, PORT)

    @staticmethod
    def func(x, y):
        print('不与任何人绑定')

    @staticmethod
    def create_uid():
        """随机生成一个字符串"""
        return uuid.uuid1()

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# 默认的实例化方式：类名()
obj = Mysql('10.10.0.9', 3307, 27)

obj.tell_info()

10.10.0.9:3307

# 一种新的实例化方式：从配置文件中读取配置完成实例化
obj1 = Mysql.from_conf()
obj1.tell_info()

#输出
1.1.1.10:27



print(obj.tell_info)
#输出
<bound method Mysql.tell_info of <__main__.Mysql object at 0x10f469240>>



print(obj.from_conf)
#输出
<bound method Mysql.from_conf of <class '__main__.Mysql'>>

obj.func(1, 2)
#输出
不与任何人绑定


Mysql.func(3, 4)
#输出
不与任何人绑定


print(obj.func)
#输出
<function Mysql.func at 0x10f10e620>


print(Mysql.func)
#输出
<function Mysql.func at 0x10f10e620>


print(obj.uid)
#输出
a78489ec-92a3-11e9-b4d7-acde48001122