python具名元组(namedtuple)的具体使用

from collections import namedtuple

Color = namedtuple("Color", "r g b alpha")

def convert_to_color(desc: str, alpha: float = 0.0):
    if desc == "green":
        return Color(r=50, g=205, b=50, alpha=alpha)
    elif desc == "blue":
        return Color(r=50, g=0, b=255, alpha=alpha)
    else:
        return Color(r=50, g=0, b=0, alpha=alpha)

c = Color._make([10, 20, 30, 0.1])
nc = Color._make((10, 20, 30, 0.1))

print("r:", c.r)

c = {"r": 50, "g": 205, "b": 50, "alpha": 0.5}
nc = c._replace(r=100)

c = {"r": 50, "g": 205, "b": 50, "alpha": 0.5}
nc = Color(**c)

c = Color(r=50, g=0, b=0, alpha=0.5)
d = c._asdict()

c = Color(r=50, g=0, b=0, alpha=0.5)
t = tuple(c)

from operator import attrgetter

colors = [
    Color(r=50, g=205, b=50, alpha=0.1),
    Color(r=50, g=205, b=50, alpha=0.5),
    Color(r=50, g=0, b=0, alpha=0.3)
]
out = sorted(colors, key=attrgetter("alpha"))
print(out)

from dataclasses import dataclass

# frozen设为true后，字段内容将不允许修改（与namedtuple完全类似）
# 否则可修改字段；并可任意添加字段（如，c.n=1）；
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class DColor:
    """A regular class that represents a color."""
    r: float
    g: float
    b: float
    alpha: float = 0.0

# c = DColor(r=10, g=20, b=30)
c = DColor(10, 20, 30)

from typing import NamedTuple

class NColor(NamedTuple):
    """A namedtuple that represents a color."""
    r: float
    g: float
    b: float
    alpha: float = 0.0

nc = NColor(100, 110, 120)