Python进阶学习之你真的懂元组吗?

# 例1 元组拆包
student_xiaoming = ('xiaoming','22','male','202303190701')
xiaoming_name, xiaoming_age, xiaoming_sex, xiaoming_id = student_xiaoming
print(f'姓名:{xiaoming_name} 年龄：{xiaoming_age} 性别：{xiaoming_sex} 学号:{xiaoming_id}')

>>> 姓名:xiaoming 年龄：22 性别：male 学号:202303190701

print('-' * 10)
# 例2 巧用拆包和占位符得到我们想要的数据
students_id = [('小明','2023031901'),('小刚','2023031902'),('小红','2023031903')]
for name,_ in students_id:
    print(name)
    
>>> 小明
>>> 小刚
>>> 小红

print('-' * 10)
# 例3 利用元组拆包格式化输出
for student in students_id:
    print('%s:%s'%student)
    
>>>小明:2023031901
>>>小刚:2023031902
>>>小红:2023031903

test = ('苹果', 'apple')
chinese, english = test
print(chinese, english)

>>> 苹果 apple

# 定义例子函数
def happy(rice_num, cola_num):
    print(f'今天好开心，我吃了{rice_num}碗米饭，喝了{cola_num}瓶快乐水！')
# 普通调用
happy(7,5)

>>> 今天好开心，我吃了6碗米饭，喝了5瓶快乐水！

# 利用*对元组进行拆包作为函数参数
test_tuple = (7,5)
print(*test_tuple)
happy(*test_tuple)

>>> 7 5
>>> 今天好开心，我吃了7碗米饭，喝了5瓶快乐水！ 

import os
print(os.path.split('D:\\Software\\anaconda\\envs\\lp\\lib\\ntpath.py'))
>>> ('D:\\Software\\anaconda\\envs\\lp\\lib', 'ntpath.py')

_, file_name = os.path.split('D:\\Software\\anaconda\\envs\\lp\\lib\\ntpath.py')
print(file_name)

>>> ntpath.py

a, b ,*rest_num = [i for i in range(10)]
print(a,b,rest_num)

a, *rest_num, b  = [i for i in range(10)]
print(a,b,rest_num)

a, *rest_num, b  = [i for i in range(2)]
print(a,b,rest_num)

a, b, *rest_num = [i for i in range(2)]
print(a,b,rest_num)

>>> 0 1 [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>> 0 9 [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
>>> 0 1 []
>>> 0 1 []

student_information  = ('xiaoming','202303190701',(98,77))
xiaoming_name, xiaoming_id,(xiaominmg_english, xiaoming_math) = student_information
print(f'姓名:{xiaoming_name} 学号:{xiaoming_id} 英语成绩:{xiaominmg_english} 数学成绩:{xiaoming_math}')

>>> 姓名:xiaoming 学号:202303190701 英语成绩:98 数学成绩:77

from collections import namedtuple

# 分别利用可迭代表达式与空格隔开的参数名表示属性列表
teacher = namedtuple('teacher', ['name','age','sex'])
student = namedtuple('student', 'name age sex')

wanggang = teacher('wanggang','44','male')
xiaoming = student('xiaoming','18','male')

print(wanggang.name)
print(xiaoming.name)

>>> wanggang
>>> xiaoming

#  查看该类的参数列表
print(teacher._fields)
>>> ('name', 'age', 'sex')

# 通过字典方式展示
print(xiaoming._asdict)
>>> <bound method student._asdict of student(name='xiaoming', age='18', sex='male')>

# 通过元组构建具名元组
xiaohong_information = ('xiaohong','19','female')
xiaohong = student._make(xiaohong_information)
print(xiaohong)
>>> student(name='xiaohong', age='19', sex='female')