决策树的python实现方法

def createDataSet():
    dataSet=[[1,1,'yes'],
            [1,1,'yes'],
            [1,0,'no'],
            [0,1,'no'],
            [0,1,'no']]
    labels = ['no surfaceing','flippers']
    return dataSet, labels

#计算香农熵
def calcShannonEnt(dataSet):
    numEntries = len(dataSet)
    labelCounts = {}
    for feaVec in dataSet:
        currentLabel = feaVec[-1]
        if currentLabel not in labelCounts:
            labelCounts[currentLabel] = 0
        labelCounts[currentLabel] += 1
    shannonEnt = 0.0
    for key in labelCounts:
        prob = float(labelCounts[key])/numEntries
        shannonEnt -= prob * log(prob, 2)
    return shannonEnt

def splitDataSet(dataSet, axis, value):
    retDataSet = []
    for featVec in dataSet:
        if featVec[axis] == value:
            reducedFeatVec = featVec[:axis]
            reducedFeatVec.extend(featVec[axis+1:])
            retDataSet.append(reducedFeatVec)
    return retDataSet
   
def chooseBestFeatureToSplit(dataSet):
    numFeatures = len(dataSet[0]) - 1#因为数据集的最后一项是标签
    baseEntropy = calcShannonEnt(dataSet)
    bestInfoGain = 0.0
    bestFeature = -1
    for i in range(numFeatures):
        featList = [example[i] for example in dataSet]
        uniqueVals = set(featList)
        newEntropy = 0.0
        for value in uniqueVals:
            subDataSet = splitDataSet(dataSet, i, value)
            prob = len(subDataSet) / float(len(dataSet))
            newEntropy += prob * calcShannonEnt(subDataSet)
        infoGain = baseEntropy -newEntropy
        if infoGain > bestInfoGain:
            bestInfoGain = infoGain
            bestFeature = i
    return bestFeature
           
#因为我们递归构建决策树是根据属性的消耗进行计算的，所以可能会存在最后属性用完了，但是分类
#还是没有算完，这时候就会采用多数表决的方式计算节点分类
def majorityCnt(classList):
    classCount = {}
    for vote in classList:
        if vote not in classCount.keys():
            classCount[vote] = 0
        classCount[vote] += 1
    return max(classCount)        
   
def createTree(dataSet, labels):
    classList = [example[-1] for example in dataSet]
    if classList.count(classList[0]) ==len(classList):#类别相同则停止划分
        return classList[0]
    if len(dataSet[0]) == 1:#所有特征已经用完
        return majorityCnt(classList)
    bestFeat = chooseBestFeatureToSplit(dataSet)
    bestFeatLabel = labels[bestFeat]
    myTree = {bestFeatLabel:{}}
    del(labels[bestFeat])
    featValues = [example[bestFeat] for example in dataSet]
    uniqueVals = set(featValues)
    for value in uniqueVals:
        subLabels = labels[:]#为了不改变原始列表的内容复制了一下
        myTree[bestFeatLabel][value] = createTree(splitDataSet(dataSet,
                                        bestFeat, value),subLabels)
    return myTree
   
def main():
    data,label = createDataSet()
    t1 = time.clock()
    myTree = createTree(data,label)
    t2 = time.clock()
    print myTree
    print 'execute for ',t2-t1
if __name__=='__main__':
    main()