php正则替换变量指定字符的方法

<?php
$str = preg_quote('(银子)');
$txt = '我的呢称(银子)';
echo preg_replace("/($str)/","<span style='color:#f00;'>$1</span>",$txt);
?>

<?php
$str = quotemeta('(银子)');
$txt = '我的呢称(银子)';
echo preg_replace("/($str)/","<span style='color:#f00;'>$1</span>",$txt);
?>

<?php
$str = '(银子)';
$txt = '我的呢称(银子)';
echo preg_replace("/(Q$strE)/","<span style='color:#f00;'>$1</span>",$txt);
?>

$text = "foobar123fooabcbar";
$text = preg_replace("/foo(?=bar)/", "***", $text);
//匹配bar前面的位置 ***bar123fooabcbar

$text = "foobar123fooabcbar";
$text = preg_replace("/(?<=bar)123/", "***", $text);
//匹配bar后面的位置 foo***123fooabcbar

$text = "foobar123fooabcbar";
$text = preg_replace("/foo(?!bar)/", "***", $text);
//匹配后面跟的不是bar的位置    foobar123***abcbar

$text = "foobar123fooabcbar";
$text = preg_replace("/(?<!foo)bar/", "***", $text);
//匹配前面不是foo的位置 foobar123fooabc***