Python中的面向对象编程详解(上)

class ClassName(bases):
    'class documentation string' #'类文档字符串'
    class_suite #类体

mc = MyClass() # instantiate class 初始化类
‘int()'构造器

def __int__(self):
    pass

class C(object):
    foo = 100

    def __init__(self, name, data):
        self.name = name
        self.data = "123'

class MyClass(object):
    def myNoActionMethod(self):
    pass

    @staticmethod  
    def foo():
        print 'call static method'

    def foo():
        print 'call static method'
    foo = staticmethod(foo) #静态方法

    @classmethod   
    def bar(cls):
        print 'call class method and access static varible(staticVar): ', cls.staticVar

def bar(cls):
        print 'call class method and access static varible(staticVar): ', cls.staticVar
    bar = classmethod(bar)  #类方法

#!/usr/bin/python
#coding=utf-8

class Target(): #定义类Target
    'This is Target definition' #定义__doc__属性

    staticVar = 'v1.0'  #定义静态变量

    def __init__(self, name = 'default', data = 0): #定义构造函数
        self.name = name    #实例变量
        self.data = data    #实例变量
        print "init instance"

    def main():
        print "this is a test function"

    '''
    可以用装饰器定义静态方法
    @staticmethod  
    def foo():
        print 'call static method'
    '''
    def foo():
        print 'call static method'
    foo = staticmethod(foo) #静态方法

    '''
    可以用装饰器定义类方法
    @classmethod   
    def bar(cls):
        print 'call class method and access static varible(staticVar): ', cls.staticVar
    '''
    def bar(cls):
        print 'call class method and access static varible(staticVar): ', cls.staticVar
    bar = classmethod(bar)  #类方法

    #只有调用本模块的时候main()方法才生效
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        main()

#实例化
target = Target('aaa', 123)
print 'name is: ', target.name
print 'data is: ', target.data

#打印__doc__属性
print 'target.__doc__ is: ', target.__doc__

#打印类__dict__属性
print 'Target.__dict__ is: ', Target.__dict__

#打印静态变量
print 'staticVar is: ', Target.staticVar

#打印内建函数dir()
print 'dir() is: ', dir(Target)

#调用静态方法
Target.foo()

#调用类方法
Target.bar()

this is a test function
init instance
name is:  aaa
data is:  123
target.__doc__ is:  This is Target definition
Target.__dict__ is:  {'__module__': '__main__', 'foo': <staticmethod object at 0x7f3fd9310cc8>, 'bar': <classmethod object at 0x7f3fd9310d38>, 'staticVar': 'v1.0', 'main': <function main at 0x7f3fd930e758>, '__doc__': 'This is Target definition', '__init__': <function __init__ at 0x7f3fd930e6e0>}
staticVar is:  v1.0
dir() is:  ['__doc__', '__init__', '__module__', 'bar', 'foo', 'main', 'staticVar']
call static method
call class method and access static varible(staticVar):  v1.0