Python内置函数dir详解

>>> help(dir)
Help on built-in function dir in module __builtin__:

dir()
    dir([object]) -> list of strings

    Return an alphabetized list of names comprising (some of) the attributes
    of the given object, and of attributes reachable from it:

    No argument:  the names in the current scope.
    Module object:  the module attributes.
    Type or class object:  its attributes, and recursively the attributes of
        its bases.
    Otherwise:  its attributes, its class's attributes, and recursively the
        attributes of its class's base classes.

 class A:
     def a(self):
         pass
 
 
 class A1(A):
    def a1(self):
        pass

if __name__ == '__main__':
    print("dir without arguments:", dir())
    print("dir class A:", dir(A))
    print("dir class A1:", dir(A1))
    a = A1()
    print("dir object a(A1):", dir(a))
    print("dir function a.a:", dir(a.a))

dir without arguments: ['A', 'A1', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', '__package__']
dir class A: ['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', 'a']
dir class A1: ['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', 'a', 'a1']
dir object a(A1): ['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', 'a', 'a1']
dir function a.a: ['__call__', '__class__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__func__', '__ge__', '__get__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__self__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__']

import A

if __name__ == '__main__':
    print("dir module A:", dir(A))

dir module A: ['A', 'A1', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', '__package__']

 class A:
     def a(self):
         pass
 
 class A1(A):
     def a1(self):
         pass
 
 curModuleDir=dir()  # get dir of current file(module)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    print("dir without arguments:", dir())
    print("dir class A:", dir(A))
    print("dir class A1:", dir(A1))
    a = A1()
    print("dir object a(A1):", dir(a))
    print("dir function a.a:", dir(a.a))
    print("dir current file:", curModuleDir)

 # A.py
 import A as this # import current module
 
 class A:
     def a(self):
         pass
 
 class A1(A):
     def a1(self):
        pass

if __name__ == '__main__':
    print("dir without arguments:", dir())
    print("dir class A:", dir(A))
    print("dir class A1:", dir(A1))
    a = A1()
    print("dir object a(A1):", dir(a))
    print("dir function a.a:", dir(a.a))
    print("dir current file:", dir(this))

import sys

class A:
    def a(self):
        pass

class A1(A):
    def a1(self):
        pass

if __name__ == '__main__':
    print("dir without arguments:", dir())
    print("dir class A:", dir(A))
    print("dir class A1:", dir(A1))
    a = A1()
    print("dir object a(A1):", dir(a))
    print("dir function a.a:", dir(a.a))
    print("dir current file:", dir(sys.modules[__name__])) # 使用__name__获取当前module对象，然后使用对象获得dir