详解Python设计模式编程中观察者模式与策略模式的运用

class Topic(object):
  """主题类。保存所有观察者实例的引用，每个主题都可以有很多观察者
  可以增加和删除观察者"""
  def __init__(self):
    self.obs = []

  def Attach(self, ob):
    self.obs.append(ob)

  def Detach(self, ob):
    self.obs.remove(ob)

  def Notify(self):
    for ob in self.obs:
      ob.Update()

class Observer(object):
  """抽象观察者类，收到主题的变更通知时，更新自己"""
  def Update(self):
    raise NotImplementedError()

class ConcreteTopic(object):
  """一个具体主题"""
  def __init__(self):
    self.state = None

  def ChangeState(self, newState):
    self.state = newState
    self.Notify()

class ConcreteObserver(object):
  """一个具体监听类"""
  def __init__(self, topic):
    self.topic = topic

  def Update(self):
    print self.topic.state

def client():
  topic = ConcreteTopic()
  topic.Attach(ConcreteObserver(topic))

  topic.ChangeState('New State')

class Strategy(object):
  """抽象算法类"""
  def AlgorithmInterface(self):
    raise NotImplementedError()

class ConcreteStrategyA(Strategy):
  def AlgorithmInterface(self):
    print '算法Ａ'

class ConcreteStrategyB(Strategy):
  def AlgorithmInterface(self):
    print '算法B'

class Context(object):
  """上下文，作用就是封装策略的实现细节，用户只需要知道有哪些策略可用"""
  def __init__(self, strategy):
    # 初始化时传入具体的策略实例
    self.strategy = strategy

  def ContextInterface(self):
    # 负责调用具体的策略实例的接口
    self.strategy.AlgorithmInterface()

def client(cond):
  # 策略模式的使用演示
  # 用户只需要根据不同的条件，将具体的算法实现类传递给Context，
  # 然后调用Context暴露给用户的接口就行了。
  if cond == 'A':
    context = Context(ConcreteStrategyA())
  elif cond == 'B':
    context = Context(ConcreteStrategyB())

  result = context.ContextInterface()

class Context(object):
  def __init__(self, cond):
    if cond == 'A':
      self.strategy = Context(ConcreteStrategyA())
    elif cond == 'B':
      self.strategy = Context(ConcreteStrategyB())

  def ContextInterface(self):
    self.strategy.AlgorithmInterface()


def client(cond):
  context = Context(cond)
  result = context.ContextInterface()