实例讲解Python编程中@property装饰器的用法

class Actress():
  def __init__(self):
    self.name = 'TianXin'
    self.age = 5

>>> actress = Actress()
>>> actress.name  #取值操作
'TianXin'
>>> actress.age    #取值操作
20
>>> actress.name = 'NoName'   #赋值操作
>>> actress.name
'NoName'

class Actress():
  def __init__(self):
    self._name = 'TianXin'
    self._age = 20

  def getAge(self):
    return self._age

  def setAge(self, age):
    if age > 30:
      raise ValueError
    self._age = age

>>> actress = Actress()
>>> actress.setAge(28)
>>> actress.getAge()
28
>>> actress.setAge(35)
ValueError

class Actress():
  def __init__(self):
    self._name = 'TianXin'
    self._age = 20

  def getAge(self):
    return self._age

  def setAge(self, age):
    if age > 30:
      raise ValueError
    self._age = age 

  age=property(getAge, setAge, None, 'age property')

>>> actress = Actress()
>>> actress.age
20
>>> actress.age = 18
>>> actress.age = 55

ValueError

class Actress():
  def __init__(self):
    self._name = 'TianXin'
    self._age = 20

  @property
  def age(self):
    return self._age

  @age.setter
  def age(self, age):
    if age > 30:
      raise ValueError
    self._age = age

>>> actress = Actress()
>>> actress.age
20
>>> actress.age = 18
>>> actress.age = 45
ValueError

class Actress(object):      #差别在这里
  def __init__(self):
    self._name = 'TianXin'
    self._age = 20

  @property
  def age(self):
    return self._age

  @age.setter
  def age(self, age):
    if age > 30:
      raise ValueError
    self._age = age 

  def setName(self, name):
    self._name = name

  def getName(self):
    return self._name

  def delName(self):
    print('Goodbye...')
    del self._name

  name = property(getName, setName, delName, 'name property'

)

# 以美元为基础货币的Money类的首个版本
class Money:
  def __init__(self, dollars, cents):
    self.dollars = dollars
    self.cents = cents
    # 还有其他一些方法，我们暂时不必理会

money = Money(27, 12)
message = "I have {:d} dollars and {:d} cents."
print(message.format(money.dollars, money.cents))
# "I have 27 dollars and 12 cents."
money.dollars += 2
money.cents += 20
print(message.format(money.dollars, money.cents))
# "I have 29 dollars and 32 cents."

# Money类的第二个版本
class Money:
  def __init__(self, dollars, cents):
    self.total_cents = dollars * 100 + cents

class Person:
  def __init__(self, first, last):
    self.first = first
    self.last = last
  @property
  def full_name(self):
    return '{} {}'.format(self.first, self.last)

>>> buddy = Person('Jonathan', 'Doe')
>>> buddy.full_name
'Jonathan Doe'

# Money类的最终版本
class Money:
  def __init__(self, dollars, cents):
    self.total_cents = dollars * 100 + cents
  # Getter and setter for dollars...
  @property
  def dollars(self):
    return self.total_cents // 100;
  @dollars.setter
  def dollars(self, new_dollars):
    self.total_cents = 100 * new_dollars + self.cents
    # And the getter and setter for cents.
  @property
  def cents(self):
    return self.total_cents % 100;
  @cents.setter
  def cents(self, new_cents):
    self.total_cents = 100 * self.dollars + new_cents

# 他的代码完全没有变动，但是却可以正常调用Money类。
money = Money(27, 12)
message = "I have {:d} dollars and {:d} cents."
print(message.format(money.dollars, money.cents))
# "I have 27 dollars and 12 cents."
money.dollars += 2
money.cents += 20
print(message.format(money.dollars, money.cents))
# "I have 29 dollars and 32 cents."# 代码逻辑也没有问题。
money.cents += 112
print(message.format(money.dollars, money.cents))
# "I have 30 dollars and 44 cents."