利用ctypes提高Python的执行速度

import math
from timeit import timeit


def check_prime(x):
  values = xrange(2, int(math.sqrt(x)) + 1)
  for i in values:
    if x % i == 0:
      return False
  return True


def get_prime(n):
  return [x for x in xrange(2, n) if check_prime(x)]

print timeit(stmt='get_prime(1000000)', setup='from __main__ import get_prime',
       number=10)

42.8259568214

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int check_prime(int a)
{
  int c;
  for ( c = 2 ; c <= sqrt(a) ; c++ ) {
    if ( a%c == 0 )
      return 0;
  }
  return 1;
}

gcc -shared -o prime.so -fPIC prime.c

import ctypes
import math
from timeit import timeit
check_prime_in_c = ctypes.CDLL('./prime.so').check_prime


def check_prime_in_py(x):
  values = xrange(2, int(math.sqrt(x)) + 1)
  for i in values:
    if x % i == 0:
      return False
  return True


def get_prime_in_c(n):
  return [x for x in xrange(2, n) if check_prime_in_c(x)]


def get_prime_in_py(n):
  return [x for x in xrange(2, n) if check_prime_in_py(x)]


py_time = timeit(stmt='get_prime_in_py(1000000)', setup='from __main__ import get_prime_in_py',
         number=10)
c_time = timeit(stmt='get_prime_in_c(1000000)', setup='from __main__ import get_prime_in_c',
        number=10)
print "Python version: {} seconds".format(py_time)

print "C version: {} seconds".format(c_time)

Python version: 43.4539749622 seconds
C version: 8.56250786781 seconds

#include <stdio.h>

typedef struct _Range {
  int start, end;
} Range;

Range new_Range(int s, int e) {
  Range r;
  r.start = s;
  r.end = e;
  return r;
}

void swap(int *x, int *y) {
  int t = *x;
  *x = *y;
  *y = t;
}

void quick_sort(int arr[], const int len) {
  if (len <= 0)
    return;
  Range r[len];
  int p = 0;
  r[p++] = new_Range(0, len - 1);
  while (p) {
    Range range = r[--p];
    if (range.start >= range.end)
      continue;
    int mid = arr[range.end];
    int left = range.start, right = range.end - 1;
    while (left < right) {
      while (arr[left] < mid && left < right)
        left++;
      while (arr[right] >= mid && left < right)
        right--;
      swap(&arr[left], &arr[right]);
    }
    if (arr[left] >= arr[range.end])
      swap(&arr[left], &arr[range.end]);
    else
      left++;
    r[p++] = new_Range(range.start, left - 1);
    r[p++] = new_Range(left + 1, range.end);
  }
}

gcc -shared -o mylib.so -fPIC mylib.c

import ctypes
import time
import random

quick_sort = ctypes.CDLL('./mylib.so').quick_sort
nums = []
for _ in range(100):
  r = [random.randrange(1, 100000000) for x in xrange(100000)]
  arr = (ctypes.c_int * len(r))(*r)
  nums.append((arr, len(r)))

init = time.clock()
for i in range(100):
  quick_sort(nums[i][0], nums[i][1])
print "%s" % (time.clock() - init)

1.874907

import ctypes
import time
import random

quick_sort = ctypes.CDLL('./mylib.so').quick_sort
nums = []
for _ in range(100):
  nums.append([random.randrange(1, 100000000) for x in xrange(100000)])

init = time.clock()
for i in range(100):
  nums[i].sort()
print "%s" % (time.clock() - init)

2.501257

class Point(ctypes.Structure):
  _fields_ = [('x', ctypes.c_double),
        ('y', ctypes.c_double)]

import time
import random
from ctypes import cdll
libc = cdll.LoadLibrary('libc.so.6') # Linux系统
# libc = cdll.msvcrt # Windows系统
init = time.clock()
randoms = [random.randrange(1, 100) for x in xrange(1000000)]
print "Python version: %s seconds" % (time.clock() - init)
init = time.clock()
randoms = [(libc.rand() % 100) for x in xrange(1000000)]
print "C version : %s seconds" % (time.clock() - init)

Python version: 0.850172 seconds
C version : 0.27645 seconds