Python脚本实现12306火车票查询系统

"""
Usage:
test [-gdtkz] <from> <to> <date>
Options:
-h,--help 显示帮助菜单
-g 高铁
-d 动车
-t 特快
-k 快速
-z 直达
Example:
tickets -gdt beijing shanghai 2016-08-25
"""
import docopt
args = docopt.docopt(__doc__)
print(args)
# 上面 """ """ 包含中的：
#Usage:
# test [-gdtkz] <from> <to> <date>
#是必须要的 test 是可以随便写的，不影响解析

#coding=utf-8
from prettytable import PrettyTable
class TrainCollection(object):
"""
解析列车信息
"""
# 显示车次、出发/到达站、 出发/到达时间、历时、一等坐、二等坐、软卧、硬卧、硬座
header = '序号 车次 出发站/到达站 出发时间/到达时间 历时 商务座 一等座 二等座 软卧 硬卧 硬座 无座'.split()
def __init__(self,rows,traintypes):
self.rows = rows
self.traintypes = traintypes
def _get_duration(self,row):
"""
获取车次运行的时间
"""
duration = row.get('lishi').replace(':','小时') + '分'
if duration.startswith('00'):
return duration[4:]
elif duration.startswith('0'):
return duration[1:]
return duration
@property
def trains(self):
result = []
flag = 0
for row in self.rows:
if row['station_train_code'][0] in self.traintypes:
flag += 1
train = [
# 序号
flag,
# 车次
row['station_train_code'],
# 出发、到达站点
'/'.join([row['from_station_name'],row['to_station_name']]),
# 成功、到达时间
'/'.join([row['start_time'],row['arrive_time']]),
# duration 时间
self._get_duration(row),
# 商务座
row['swz_num'],
# 一等座
row['zy_num'],
# 二等座
row['ze_num'],
# 软卧
row['rw_num'],
# 硬卧
row['yw_num'],
# 硬座
row['yz_num'],
# 无座
row['wz_num']
]
result.append(train)
return result
def print_pretty(self):
"""打印列车信息"""
pt = PrettyTable()
pt._set_field_names(self.header)
for train in self.trains:
pt.add_row(train)
print(pt)
if __name__ == '__main__':
t = TrainCollection()

#coding=utf-8
from prettytable import PrettyTable
class TrainCollection(object):
"""
解析列车信息
"""
# 显示车次、出发/到达站、 出发/到达时间、历时、一等坐、二等坐、软卧、硬卧、硬座
header = '序号 车次 出发站/到达站 出发时间/到达时间 历时 商务座 一等座 二等座 软卧 硬卧 硬座 无座'.split()
def __init__(self,rows,traintypes):
self.rows = rows
self.traintypes = traintypes
def _get_duration(self,row):
"""
获取车次运行的时间
"""
duration = row.get('lishi').replace(':','小时') + '分'
if duration.startswith('00'):
return duration[4:]
elif duration.startswith('0'):
return duration[1:]
return duration
@property
def trains(self):
result = []
flag = 0
for row in self.rows:
if row['station_train_code'][0] in self.traintypes:
flag += 1
train = [
# 序号
flag,
# 车次
row['station_train_code'],
# 出发、到达站点
'/'.join([row['from_station_name'],row['to_station_name']]),
# 成功、到达时间
'/'.join([row['start_time'],row['arrive_time']]),
# duration 时间
self._get_duration(row),
# 商务座
row['swz_num'],
# 一等座
row['zy_num'],
# 二等座
row['ze_num'],
# 软卧
row['rw_num'],
# 硬卧
row['yw_num'],
# 硬座
row['yz_num'],
# 无座
row['wz_num']
]
result.append(train)
return result
def print_pretty(self):
"""打印列车信息"""
pt = PrettyTable()
pt._set_field_names(self.header)
for train in self.trains:
pt.add_row(train)
print(pt)
if __name__ == '__main__':
t = TrainCollection()

"""Train tickets query via command-line.
Usage:
tickets [-gdtkz] <from> <to> <date>
Options:
-h,--help 显示帮助菜单
-g 高铁
-d 动车
-t 特快
-k 快速
-z 直达
Example:
tickets -gdt beijing shanghai 2016-08-25
"""
import requests
from docopt import docopt
from stations import stations
# from pprint import pprint
from myprettytable import TrainCollection
class SelectTrain(object):
def __init__(self):
"""
获取命令行输入的参数
"""
self.args = docopt(__doc__)#这个是获取命令行的所有参数，返回的是一个字典
def cli(self):
"""command-line interface"""
# 获取 出发站点和目标站点
from_station = stations.get(self.args['<from>']) #出发站点
to_station = stations.get(self.args['<to>']) # 目的站点
leave_time = self._get_leave_time()# 出发时间
url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/lcxxcx/query?purpose_codes=ADULT&queryDate={0}&from_station={1}&to_station={2}'.format(
leave_time,from_station,to_station)# 拼接请求列车信息的Url
# 获取列车查询结果
r = requests.get(url,verify=False)
traindatas = r.json()['data']['datas'] # 返回的结果，转化成json格式，取出datas，方便后面解析列车信息用
# 解析列车信息
traintypes = self._get_traintype()
views = TrainCollection(traindatas,traintypes)
views.print_pretty()
def _get_traintype(self):
"""
获取列车型号，这个函数的作用是的目的是：当你输入 -g 是只是返回 高铁，输入 -gd 返回动车和高铁，当不输参数时，返回所有的列车信息
""" 
traintypes = ['-g','-d','-t','-k','-z']
# result = []
# for traintype in traintypes:
# if self.args[traintype]:
# result.append(traintype[-1].upper())
trains = [traintype[-1].upper() for traintype in traintypes if self.args[traintype]]
if trains:
return trains
else:
return ['G','D','T','K','Z']
def _get_leave_time(self):
"""
获取出发时间，这个函数的作用是为了：时间可以输入两种格式：2016-10-05、20161005
"""
leave_time = self.args['<date>']
if len(leave_time) == 8:
return '{0}-{1}-{2}'.format(leave_time[:4],leave_time[4:6],leave_time[6:])
if '-' in leave_time:
return leave_time
if __name__ == '__main__':
cli = SelectTrain()
cli.cli()