GraphQL在.NET 8中的全面实践指南(最新推荐)

dotnet new web -n GraphQLDemo
cd GraphQLDemo

dotnet add package HotChocolate.AspNetCore
dotnet add package HotChocolate.Data
dotnet add package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer

// Models/Book.cs
public class Book
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public Author Author { get; set; }
    public DateTime PublishedDate { get; set; }
}
// Models/Author.cs
public class Author
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public ICollection<Book> Books { get; set; } = new List<Book>();
}

// Data/AppDbContext.cs
public class AppDbContext : DbContext
{
    public AppDbContext(DbContextOptions<AppDbContext> options) 
        : base(options) { }
    public DbSet<Book> Books { get; set; }
    public DbSet<Author> Authors { get; set; }
    protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {
        modelBuilder.Entity<Author>()
            .HasMany(a => a.Books)
            .WithOne(b => b.Author)
            .HasForeignKey(b => b.AuthorId);
    }
}

// Program.cs
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
// 添加DbContext
builder.Services.AddDbContext<AppDbContext>(options =>
    options.UseSqlServer(builder.Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection")));
// 添加GraphQL服务
builder.Services
    .AddGraphQLServer()
    .AddQueryType<Query>()
    .AddMutationType<Mutation>()
    .AddProjections()
    .AddFiltering()
    .AddSorting();
var app = builder.Build();
app.MapGraphQL(); // 默认路径为/graphql
app.Run();

// GraphQL/Query.cs
public class Query
{
    [UseDbContext(typeof(AppDbContext))]
    [UseProjection]
    [UseFiltering]
    [UseSorting]
    public IQueryable<Book> GetBooks([ScopedService] AppDbContext context) 
        => context.Books;
    [UseDbContext(typeof(AppDbContext))]
    public async Task<Book?> GetBookById(
        [ScopedService] AppDbContext context,
        int id) 
        => await context.Books.FindAsync(id);
}

query {
  books(where: { title: { contains: "NET" } }, order: { publishedDate: DESC }) {
    title
    publishedDate
    author {
      name
    }
  }
}

// GraphQL/Mutation.cs
public class Mutation
{
    [UseDbContext(typeof(AppDbContext))]
    public async Task<AddBookPayload> AddBook(
        AddBookInput input,
        [ScopedService] AppDbContext context)
    {
        var book = new Book
        {
            Title = input.Title,
            PublishedDate = input.PublishedDate,
            AuthorId = input.AuthorId
        };
        context.Books.Add(book);
        await context.SaveChangesAsync();
        return new AddBookPayload(book);
    }
}
public record AddBookInput(string Title, DateTime PublishedDate, int AuthorId);
public record AddBookPayload(Book Book);

mutation {
  addBook(input: {
    title: "Mastering GraphQL in .NET 8",
    publishedDate: "2023-11-01",
    authorId: 1
  }) {
    book {
      id
      title
    }
  }
}

// GraphQL/Query.cs
public async Task<IEnumerable<Author>> GetAuthorsWithBooks(
    [Service] AppDbContext context,
    [Service] IResolverContext resolverContext)
{
    var loader = resolverContext.BatchDataLoader<int, Author>(
        "authorsById",
        async (ids, ct) =>
        {
            var authors = await context.Authors
                .Where(a => ids.Contains(a.Id))
                .ToDictionaryAsync(a => a.Id, ct);
            return ids.Select(id => authors.TryGetValue(id, out var author) ? author : null);
        });
    // 假设我们有一些作者ID
    var authorIds = new[] { 1, 2, 3 };
    return await loader.LoadAsync(authorIds);
}

// GraphQL/Subscription.cs
[ExtendObjectType("Subscription")]
public class BookSubscriptions
{
    [Subscribe]
    [Topic("BookAdded")]
    public Book OnBookAdded([EventMessage] Book book) => book;
}
// 在Mutation中发布事件
[UseDbContext(typeof(AppDbContext))]
public async Task<AddBookPayload> AddBook(
    AddBookInput input,
    [ScopedService] AppDbContext context,
    [Service] ITopicEventSender eventSender)
{
    var book = new Book { /* ... */ };
    context.Books.Add(book);
    await context.SaveChangesAsync();
    await eventSender.SendAsync("BookAdded", book);
    return new AddBookPayload(book);
}

builder.Services
    .AddGraphQLServer()
    .AddQueryType<Query>()
    .AddMutationType<Mutation>()
    .AddMaxExecutionDepthRule(5) // 限制查询深度
    .AddQueryCostOptions(options =>
    {
        options.DefaultCost = 1;
        options.MaxAllowedCost = 1000;
    });

// 添加认证服务
builder.Services.AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
    .AddJwtBearer(options => { /* 配置JWT */ });
// 保护GraphQL端点
builder.Services
    .AddGraphQLServer()
    .AddAuthorization()
    .AddHttpRequestInterceptor<AuthInterceptor>();
// 实现拦截器
public class AuthInterceptor : DefaultHttpRequestInterceptor
{
    public override ValueTask OnCreateAsync(
        HttpContext context,
        IRequestExecutor requestExecutor,
        IQueryRequestBuilder requestBuilder,
        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        if (!context.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated)
        {
            throw new GraphQLException("未认证用户");
        }
        return base.OnCreateAsync(context, requestExecutor, requestBuilder, cancellationToken);
    }
}

<PropertyGroup>
  <PublishAot>true</PublishAot>
</PropertyGroup>

app.MapGraphQL()
   .WithTags("GraphQL")
   .WithDescription("GraphQL API端点")
   .RequireAuthorization();

builder.Services
    .AddGraphQLServer()
    .AddInstrumentation(options =>
    {
        options.RequestDetails = RequestDetails.All;
        options.IncludeDocument = true;
    })
    .AddDiagnosticEventListener<PerformanceLogger>();
public class PerformanceLogger : DiagnosticEventListener
{
    public override void RequestProcessing(HttpContext context, IRequestExecutor executor, IQueryRequest request)
    {
        var stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
        base.RequestProcessing(context, executor, request);
        stopwatch.Stop();
        Console.WriteLine($"请求处理时间: {stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds}ms");
    }
}

[TestClass]
public class GraphQLTests
{
    [TestMethod]
    public async Task GetBooks_ReturnsValidData()
    {
        // 安排
        var executor = await new ServiceCollection()
            .AddGraphQLServer()
            .AddQueryType<Query>()
            .AddDbContext<AppDbContext>(options => 
                options.UseInMemoryDatabase("TestDB"))
            .BuildRequestExecutorAsync();
        // 执行
        var result = await executor.ExecuteAsync(@"
            query {
                books {
                    title
                    author {
                        name
                    }
                }
            }");
        // 断言
        Assert.IsFalse(result.Errors?.Any() ?? false);
        var books = result.ToJson();
        Assert.IsNotNull(books);
    }
}

FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:8.0 AS build
WORKDIR /src
COPY . .
RUN dotnet publish -c Release -o /app /p:PublishAot=true
FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/aspnet:8.0
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=build /app .
ENTRYPOINT ["./GraphQLDemo"]