Shell脚本传递参数的4种方式实例说明

# 脚本内容script.sh【使用位置参数】
#!/bin/bash
if [ $1 -gt 18 ]; then
    echo "You are an adult."
else
    echo "You are not an adult yet."
fi
# 脚本调用
./script.sh 19

# for语句
for i in 1 2 3 4 5; do
    echo $i
done
# while语句【使用了变量】
i=0
while [ $i -lt 10 ]; do
    echo $i
    i=$((i+1))
done

# 注意函数的定义和调用都是在脚本内部的
function sayHi {
    echo "Hello, $1!"
}
sayHi "Kite"

# read 命令会等待输入
echo "What's your name?"
read name
echo "Hello, $name!"

today=`date +%Y-%m-%d`
echo "Today is $today"

# 算术运算
num=$((1+2))
echo $num
# 字符串运算
if [ "$name" == "John" ]; then
    echo "Hello, John!"
fi
# 逻辑运算
if [ $age -gt 18 ] && [ $gender == "male" ]; then
    echo "You are a man."
fi

#!/bin/bash
echo "The first argument is $1"
echo "The second argument is $2"

$ ./script.sh hello world

#!/bin/bash
echo "The script name is $0"
echo "The number of arguments is $#"
echo "The arguments are $@"
echo "The return value of the last command is $?"

$ ./script.sh a b c

#!/bin/bash
echo "The value of HOME is $HOME"
echo "The value of PATH is $JAVA_HOME"

$ ./script.sh
The value of HOME is /root
The value of PATH is /usr/local/java/jdk1.8.0_241

# 测试脚本
#!/bin/bash
while getopts n:a:g: opt
do 
	case "${opt}" in
		n) name=${OPTARG};;
		a) age=${OPTARG};;
		g) gender=${OPTARG};;
	esac
done
echo "NameVal: $name";
echo "AgeVal: $age";
echo "GenderVal: $gender";

# 脚本调用
./script.sh -n Kite -a 18 -g f
NameVal: Kite
AgeVal: 18
GenderVal: f

eval set -- "$options"

# 测试脚本
#!/bin/bash
# 解析命令行参数
options=$(getopt -o n:a:g:p --long name:,age:,gender:,print -- "$@")
eval set -- "$options"
# 提取选项和参数
while true; do
  case $1 in 
  	-a | --age) shift; age=$1 ; shift ;;
    -n | --name) shift; name=$1 ; shift ;;
    -g | --gender) shift; gender=$1 ; shift ;;
    -p | --print) print=true; shift ;;
    --) shift ; break ;;
    *) echo "Invalid option: $1" exit 1 ;;
  esac
done
# 检查变量
if [ -z "$age" ]; then
    echo "Error: age is required"
    exit 1
fi
if [ -z "$name" ]; then
    echo "Error: name is required"
    exit 1
fi
if [ -z "$gender" ]; then
    echo "Error: gender is required"
    exit 1
fi
# 判断开关选项
if [ "$print" = true ]; then
    echo "NameVal: $name; AgeVal: $age; GenderVal: $gender";
fi

# 脚本调用（长选项）
./script.sh --name Kite --age 18 --gender f -p
NameVal: Kite; AgeVal: 18; GenderVal: f
# 脚本调用（单字符选项）
./script.sh -n Kite -a 18 -g f -p
NameVal: Kite; AgeVal: 18; GenderVal: f