Go语言中字符串与字节切片转换的详细过程

url := "https://example.com"
urlBytes := []byte(url)
fmt.Printf("Byte slice: %v\n", urlBytes) // 输出字节切片（十进制表示）

+-------------------+     +---------------------+     +-------------------+
|   字符串输入       | --> | UTF-8编码转换       | --> | 字节切片输出       |
|   (如"example")    |     | (每个字符转1-4字节) |     | (如[101 120 97...])|
+-------------------+     +---------------------+     +-------------------+

urlStr := string(urlBytes)
fmt.Printf("String: %s\n", urlStr) // 输出原始字符串

for _, b := range urlBytes {
    fmt.Printf("%08b ", b) // 如01101000表示字符'h'
}

for _, b := range urlBytes {
    fmt.Printf("%d ", b) // 如104对应'h'
}

for _, b := range urlBytes {
    fmt.Printf("%02x ", b) // 如68对应'h'
}

package main
 
import "fmt"
 
func main() {
    url := "Hello, 世界"
    bytes := []byte(url)
  
    fmt.Println("Binary:")
    for _, b := range bytes { fmt.Printf("%08b ", b) }
  
    fmt.Println("\nDecimal:")
    for _, b := range bytes { fmt.Printf("%d ", b) }
  
    fmt.Println("\nHex:")
    for _, b := range bytes { fmt.Printf("%02x ", b) }
}

Binary:
01001000 01100101 01101100 01101100 01101111 00101100 00100000 11100100 10111000 10010110 11100101 10111001 10001010 
Decimal:
72 101 108 108 111 44 32 228 184 150 229 185 138 
Hex:
48 65 6c 6c 6f 2c 20 e4 b8 96 e5 b9 8a