Go语言中进行依赖管理的实战指南

# 初始化一个新的Go模块
go mod init github.com/example/project

# 添加依赖
go get github.com/gin-gonic/gin
# 添加特定版本的依赖
go get github.com/gin-gonic/gin@v1.9.0
# 添加依赖到特定的版本范围
go get github.com/gin-gonic/gin@^1.9.0

# 更新所有依赖
go get -u
# 更新特定依赖
go get -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin
# 清理未使用的依赖
go mod tidy

module github.com/example/project

go 1.20

require (
	github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.9.0
	github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.7.0
)

// 精确版本
require github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.9.0

// 语义化版本
require github.com/gin-gonic/gin ^1.9.0  // >= 1.9.0, < 2.0.0
require github.com/gin-gonic/gin ~1.9.0  // >= 1.9.0, < 1.10.0

// 分支或提交
require github.com/gin-gonic/gin master
require github.com/gin-gonic/gin v0.0.0-20230101000000-abcdef123456

// 替换依赖为本地路径
replace github.com/gin-gonic/gin => ../gin

// 替换依赖为其他版本
replace github.com/gin-gonic/gin => github.com/fork/gin v1.9.1

// 排除特定依赖
exclude github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.9.0

# 校验依赖
go mod verify
# 查看依赖图
go mod graph
# 查看依赖详情
go mod why github.com/gin-gonic/gin

module github.com/example/myproject

go 1.20

require (
	github.com/example/myproject/pkg v0.0.0
	github.com/example/myproject/cmd v0.0.0
)

replace (
	github.com/example/myproject/pkg => ./pkg
	github.com/example/myproject/cmd => ./cmd
)

module github.com/example/myproject/pkg

go 1.20

require (
	github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.9.0
)

# 查看依赖缓存位置
go env GOMODCACHE
# 清理依赖缓存
go clean -modcache
# 下载依赖到缓存
go mod download

# 生成 go.sum 文件
go mod tidy
# 确保依赖版本一致
go mod vendor