使用PHP实现RESTful API的常见问题与解决方案

use FastRoute\RouteCollector;
use FastRoute\Dispatcher;

$dispatcher = FastRoute\simpleDispatcher(function(RouteCollector $r) {
    $r->addRoute('GET', '/users', 'UserController@index');
    $r->addRoute('POST', '/users', 'UserController@store');
});

$httpMethod = $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'];
$uri = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];

$routeInfo = $dispatcher->dispatch($httpMethod, $uri);
switch ($routeInfo[0]) {
    case Dispatcher::NOT_FOUND:
        // 404 Not Found
        break;
    case Dispatcher::METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED:
        // 405 Method Not Allowed
        break;
    case Dispatcher::FOUND:
        $handler = $routeInfo[1];
        $vars = $routeInfo[2];
        // 调用相应的控制器和方法
        break;
}

use Respect\Validation\Validator as v;

$input = json_decode(file_get_contents('php://input'), true);

$validator = v::key('username', v::stringType()->notEmpty())
              ->key('email', v::email())
              ->key('password', v::stringType()->length(6, null));

try {
    $validator->assert($input);
} catch (\Respect\Validation\Exceptions\NestedValidationException $e) {
    $errors = $e->getMessages();
    // 返回错误信息
}

use Firebase\JWT\JWT;

$key = "your_secret_key";
$payload = array(
    "user_id" => 123,
    "username" => "john_doe",
    "exp" => time() + 3600 // 1小时过期
);

$jwt = JWT::encode($payload, $key);
echo json_encode(array("token" => $jwt));

// 验证JWT
try {
    $decoded = JWT::decode($jwt, $key, array('HS256'));
    // 用户身份验证成功
} catch (Exception $e) {
    // 身份验证失败
}

use Monolog\Logger;
use Monolog\Handler\StreamHandler;

// 创建日志记录器
$log = new Logger('api');
$log->pushHandler(new StreamHandler('path/to/your.log', Logger::WARNING));

// 全局异常处理
set_exception_handler(function ($exception) use ($log) {
    $log->error($exception->getMessage(), ['exception' => $exception]);
    http_response_code(500);
    echo json_encode(['error' => 'Internal Server Error']);
});

// 示例：抛出异常
throw new Exception("Something went wrong");

use Memcached;

$memcached = new Memcached();
$memcached->addServer('localhost', 11211);

$key = 'user_123';
$user = $memcached->get($key);

if (!$user) {
    // 从数据库获取用户数据
    $user = $db->query("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = 123")->fetch();
    $memcached->set($key, $user, 3600); // 缓存1小时
}

echo json_encode($user);