Python+Matplotlib绘制重叠柱状图

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -- coding: utf-8 --
"""
Copyright (c) 2022. All rights reserved.
Created by C. L. Wang on 2023/6/5
"""
import os.path
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from myutils.project_utils import read_excel_to_df
from root_dir import DATA_DIR
def overlapped_bar(df, show=False, width=0.75, alpha=.5, title='', xlabel='', ylabel='',
                   hide_xsticks=True, **plot_kwargs):
  """
  Like a stacked bar chart except bars on top of each other with transparency.
  :param df: data df
  :param show: show in ide
  :param width: bar width
  """
  plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))  # 设置plt的尺寸
  xlabel = xlabel or df.index.name  # 标签
  N = len(df)   # 类别数
  M = len(df.columns)   # 列数
  indices = np.arange(N)
  colors = ['steelblue', 'firebrick', 'darksage', 'goldenrod', 'gray'] * int(M / 5. + 1)  # 颜色
  for i, label, color in zip(range(M), df.columns, colors):
    kwargs = plot_kwargs
    kwargs.update({'color': color, 'label': label})
    plt.bar(indices, df[label], width=width, alpha=alpha if i else 1, **kwargs)
    plt.xticks(indices + .5 * width, ['{}'.format(idx) for idx in df.index.values])
  plt.legend()
  plt.title(title)
  plt.xlabel(xlabel)
  plt.ylabel(ylabel)
  if hide_xsticks:  # 如果水平坐标太多，隐藏水平坐标
    plt.xticks([])
  if show:
    plt.show()
  return plt.gcf()
def draw_bars():
  df = read_excel_to_df(os.path.join(DATA_DIR, "msa_all_counts.xlsx"))
  df["ratio"] = df["all_sum"] / df["sum"]
  df = df.sort_values(by=["ratio"], ascending=True)  # 从小到大排序
  df_sum = df["sum"] / df["sum"]
  df_all_sum = df["all_sum"] / df["sum"]
  avg = round(np.average(df_all_sum), 4)
  std = round(float(np.std(df_all_sum)), 4)
  print(f"[Info] improve ratio: {avg}±{std}")   # 获取比例
  low = df_sum   # 低区数值
  high = df_all_sum  # 高区数值
  df = pd.DataFrame(np.matrix([high, low]).T, columns=['Ours', 'AF2'])
  overlapped_bar(df, xlabel="target", ylabel="times", show=True)
if __name__ == '__main__':
  draw_bars()