使用python中的openpyxl操作excel详解

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl.styles import PatternFill, Border, Side, Alignment, Protection, Font, Color, Fill
from openpyxl.styles import colors
from openpyxl.styles import Fill,fills
from openpyxl.formatting.rule import ColorScaleRule

    wb = load_workbook('file_name.xlsx')

通过名字
    ws = wb["frequency"] 
    等同于 ws2 = wb.get_sheet_by_name('frequency')
    验证命令ws is ws2 is ws3 输出True
不知道名字用index
    sheet_names = wb.get_sheet_names()
    ws = wb.get_sheet_by_name(sheet_names[index])# index为0为第一张表 
或者
    ws =wb.active
    等同于  ws = wb.get_active_sheet() #通过_active_sheet_index设定读取的表，默认0读第一个表
    活动表表名wb.get_active_sheet().title

ws1 = wb.create_sheet() #默认插在最后
ws2 = wb.create_sheet(0) #插在开头
   建表后默认名按顺序，如sheet1，sheet2...
    ws.title = "New Title" #修改表名称
   简化 ws2 = wb.create_sheet(title="Pi")

ws.sheet_properties.tabColor = "1072BA" # set with RRGGBB color code

c = ws['A4'] #read 等同于 c = ws.cell('A4') 
ws['A4'] = 4 #write 
#ws.cell有两种方式，行号列号从1开始
d = ws.cell(row = 4, column = 2) #行列读写
d = ws.cell('A4') 
写入cell值
    ws.cell(row = 4, column = 2).value = 'test'
    ws.cell(row = 4, column = 2, value = 'test')

cell_range = ws['A1':'C2']
读所有单元格数据
get_cell_collection()

   a)逐行读
        ws.iter_rows(range_string=None, row_offset=0, column_offset=0): range-string(string)-单元格的范围：例如('A1:C4') row_offset-添加行 column_offset-添加列 
    返回一个生成器, 注意取值时要用value,例如：
    for row in ws.iter_rows('A1:C2'):
        for cell in row:
            print cell
   读指定行、指定列:
    rows=ws.rows#row是可迭代的 
    columns=ws.columns#column是可迭代的
    打印第n行数据 
    print rows[n]#不需要用.value 
    print columns[n]#不需要用.value
b)逐行写
 (http://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/default/_modules/openpyxl/worksheet/worksheet.html#Worksheet.append)
 ws.append(iterable)
    添加一行到当前sheet的最底部 iterable必须是list,tuple,dict,range,generator类型的。 1,如果是list,将list从头到尾顺序添加。 2，如果是dict,按照相应的键添加相应的键值。
 append([‘This is A1', ‘This is B1', ‘This is C1'])
 append({‘A' : ‘This is A1', ‘C' : ‘This is C1'})
 append({1 : ‘This is A1', 3 : ‘This is C1'})

wb.get_sheet_names()  
#显示表名，表行数，表列数   
print ws.title  
print ws.max_row
print ws.max_column
ws.get_highest_row() #UserWarning: Call to deprecated function
ws.get_highest_column()# UserWarning: Call to deprecated function

from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter
for  x  in  range( 1, len(record)+ 1 ):  
    col = get_column_letter(x)  
    ws.cell( '%s%s' %(col, i)).value = x
通过列字母获取多个excel数据块
cell_range = "E3:{0}28".format(get_column_letter(bc_col))
ws["A1"] = "=SUM(%s)"%cell_range

cell_value.encode('gbk').decode('gbk').encode('utf8')  

ws["A1"] = "=SUM(1, 1)"
ws["A1"] = "=SUM(B1:C1)"

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.compat import range
from openpyxl.cell import get_column_letter
dest_filename = 'empty_book.xlsx'
wb = Workbook()
ws1 = wb.active
ws1.title = "range names"
for row in range(1, 40):
   ws1.append(range(600))
ws3 = wb.create_sheet(title="Data")
for row in range(10, 20):
   for col in range(27, 54):
       _ = ws3.cell(column=col, row=row, value="%s" % get_column_letter(col))
print(ws3['AA10'].value)
wb.save(filename = dest_filename)
sheet_ranges = wb['range names']
print(sheet_ranges['D18'].value)
ws['A1'] = datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 21)
ws['A1'].number_format #输出'yyyy-mm-dd h:mm:ss'
rows = [
    ['Number', 'Batch 1', 'Batch 2'],
    [2, 40, 30],
    [3, 40, 25],
    [4, 50, 30],
    [5, 30, 10],
    [6, 25, 5],
    [7, 50, 10],
]
rows = [
    ['Date', 'Batch 1', 'Batch 2', 'Batch 3'],
    [date(2015,9, 1), 40, 30, 25],
    [date(2015,9, 2), 40, 25, 30],
    [date(2015,9, 3), 50, 30, 45],
    [date(2015,9, 4), 30, 25, 40],
    [date(2015,9, 5), 25, 35, 30],
    [date(2015,9, 6), 20, 40, 35],
]
for row in rows:
    ws.append(row)

    try:
        from openpyxl.drawing import image
        import PIL            
    except ImportError, e:
        print "[ERROR]",e
    report_file = self.excel_path + "/frquency_report_%d.xlsx" %id
    shutil.copyfile(configs.PATTEN_FILE, report_file)
    if not os.path.exists(report_file):
       print "generate file failed: ", report_file
       sys.exit(1)
    wb = load_workbook(report_file)
    ws = wb.get_sheet_by_name('frequency')
    img_f = configs.IMAGE_LOGO
    if os.path.exists(img_f):
        try:
            img = image.Image(img_f)
            ws.add_image(img, 'A1')
        except Exception, e:
            print "[ERROR]%s:%s" % (type(e), e)
            ws['A1'] = "程序化营销平台"
        else:
            ws['A1'] = "程序化营销平台"
        font1 = Font(size=22)
        ws['A1'].font = font1
        ws['B4'] = ad_plan #等同ws.cell('B4') = ad_plan
        ws['B5'] = ad_names
        ws['B6'] = str(start_d) + '  to  ' + str(end_d)
        wb.save(report_file)
    try:
        wb = load_workbook(report_file)
        ws = wb.get_sheet_by_name('frequency')            
        row = 9
        for it in query_result:
            one_row = it.split('\t')
            print one_row
            if '10' == one_row[0]:
                one_row[0] = '10+'
            col = 1
            for one_cell in one_row:
                ws.cell(row = row, column = col).value = one_cell
                col = col + 1
            row = row + 1      
    except Thrift.TException, tx:
        print '[ERROR] %s' % (tx.message)
    else:
        wb.save(report_file)
    finally:
        pass

    from openpyxl.writer.excel import ExcelWriter   
    wb1=Workbook()#新建工作簿
    ewb1=ExcelWriter(workbook=wb1)#新建一个ExcelWriter，用来写wb1  
    ws1=wb1.worksheets[0]#取得wb1的第一个工作表ws1 
    one_cell = ws1.cell(row = row, column = col).value
    ws1.cell(row = row, column = col).value = one_cell
    ewb1.save(filename=dest_filename)#保存一定要有，否则不会有结果